Serotype 5 and 8 capsular polysaccharides predominate among clinical isolates of Staphylococcus aureus. The results of experiments in animal models of infection have revealed that staphylococcal capsules are important in the pathogenesis of S. aureus infections. The capsule enhances staphylococcal virulence by impeding phagocytosis, resulting in bacterial persistence in the bloodstream of infected hosts. S. aureus capsules also promote abscess formation in rats. Although the capsule has been shown to modulate S. aureus adherence to endothelial surfaces in vitro, animal studies suggest that it also promotes bacterial colonization and persistence on mucosal surfaces. S. aureus capsular antigens are surface associated, limited in antigenic specificity, and highly conserved among clinical isolates. With the emergence of vancomycin-resistant S. aureus in the United States in 2002, new strategies are needed to combat staphylococcal infections. Purified serotype 5 and 8 capsular polysaccharides offer promise as target antigens for a vaccine to prevent staphylococcal infections, although the inclusion of other antigens is likely to be essential in the development of an effective S. aureus vaccine. The genetics and mechanisms of capsule biosynthesis are complex, and much work remains to enhance our understanding of capsule biosynthesis and its regulation.

中文翻译：

---

金黄色葡萄球菌荚膜多糖。

在金黄色葡萄球菌的临床分离株中，血清型5和8荚膜多糖占主导地位。感染动物模型的实验结果表明，葡萄球菌胶囊在金黄色葡萄球菌感染的发病机理中很重要。该胶囊通过阻止吞噬作用增强葡萄球菌的毒力，导致细菌在感染宿主的血液中持续存在。金黄色葡萄球菌胶囊还促进大鼠脓肿的形成。尽管已显示该胶囊在体外可调节金黄色葡萄球菌对内皮表面的粘附，但动物研究表明，该胶囊还促进细菌在粘膜表面的定植和持久性。金黄色葡萄球菌荚膜抗原是表面相关的，抗原特异性有限，并且在临床分离株中高度保守。随着耐万古霉素S的出现。在2002年美国金黄色葡萄球菌中，需要新的策略来对抗葡萄球菌感染。纯化的血清型5和8荚膜多糖有望作为预防葡萄球菌感染的疫苗的目标抗原，尽管在开发有效的金黄色葡萄球菌疫苗中可能必须包含其他抗原。胶囊生物合成的遗传学和机制很复杂，为增强我们对胶囊生物合成及其调控的认识，还有许多工作要做。金黄色疫苗。胶囊生物合成的遗传学和机制很复杂，为增强我们对胶囊生物合成及其调控的认识，还有许多工作要做。金黄色疫苗。胶囊生物合成的遗传学和机制很复杂，为增强我们对胶囊生物合成及其调控的认识，还有许多工作要做。