Strongyloides stercoralis is an intestinal nematode of humans that infects tens of millions of people worldwide. S. stercoralis is unique among intestinal nematodes in its ability to complete its life cycle within the host through an asexual autoinfective cycle, allowing the infection to persist in the host indefinitely. Under some conditions associated with immunocompromise, this autoinfective cycle can become amplified into a potentially fatal hyperinfection syndrome, characterized by increased numbers of infective filariform larvae in stool and sputum and clinical manifestations of the increased parasite burden and migration, such as gastrointestinal bleeding and respiratory distress. S. stercoralis hyperinfection is often accompanied by sepsis or meningitis with enteric organisms. Glucocorticoid treatment and human T-lymphotropic virus type 1 infection are the two conditions most specifically associated with triggering hyperinfection, but cases have been reported in association with hematologic malignancy, malnutrition, and AIDS. Anthelmintic agents such as ivermectin have been used successfully in treating the hyperinfection syndrome as well as for primary and secondary prevention of hyperinfection in patients whose exposure history and underlying condition put them at increased risk.

中文翻译：

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免疫功能低下人群中的粪类圆线虫。

粪类圆线虫是一种人类肠道线虫，感染全世界数千万人。粪圆线虫在肠道线虫中是独一无二的，因为它能够通过无性自身感染周期在宿主内完成其生命周期，从而使感染无限期地持续存在于宿主体内。在某些与免疫功能低下相关的情况下，这种自身感染循环可能会放大为潜在致命的过度感染综合征，其特征是粪便和痰中感染性丝状幼虫数量增加，以及寄生虫负担和迁移增加的临床表现，例如胃肠道出血和呼吸窘迫。粪圆线虫过度感染常伴有肠道微生物败血症或脑膜炎。糖皮质激素治疗和人类 T 淋巴细胞病毒 1 型感染是与引发过度感染最相关的两种情况，但已有病例报告与血液恶性肿瘤、营养不良和艾滋病有关。伊维菌素等驱虫剂已成功用于治疗过度感染综合征，以及对接触史和基础疾病导致风险增加的患者进行过度感染的一级和二级预防。