The acyclic nucleoside phosphonates HPMPC (cidofovir), PMEA (adefovir), and PMPA (tenofovir) have proved to be effective in vitro (cell culture systems) and in vivo (animal models and clinical studies) against a wide variety of DNA virus and retrovirus infections: cidofovir against herpesvirus (herpes simplex virus types 1 and 2 varicella-zoster virus, cytomegalovirus [CMV], Epstein-Barr virus, and human herpesviruses 6, 7, and 8), polyomavirus, papillomavirus, adenovirus, and poxvirus (variola virus, cowpox virus, vaccinia virus, molluscum contagiosum virus, and orf virus) infections; adefovir against herpesvirus, hepadnavirus (human hepatitis B virus), and retrovirus (human immunodeficiency virus types 1 [HIV-1] and 2 [HIV-2], simian immunodeficiency virus, and feline immunodeficiency virus) infections; and tenofovir against both hepadnavirus and retrovirus infections. Cidofovir (Vistide) has been officially approved for the treatment of CMV retinitis in AIDS patients, tenofovir disoproxil fumarate (Viread) has been approved for the treatment of HIV infections (i.e., AIDS), and adefovir dipivoxil (Hepsera) has been approved for the treatment of chronic hepatitis B. Nephrotoxicity is the dose-limiting side effect for cidofovir (Vistide) when used intravenously (5 mg/kg); no toxic side effects have been described for adefovir dipivoxil and tenofovir disoproxil fumarate, at the approved doses (Hepsera at 10 mg orally daily and Viread at 300 mg orally daily).

中文翻译：

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无环核苷膦酸酯西多福韦，阿德福韦和替诺福韦在治疗DNA病毒和逆转录病毒感染中的临床潜力。

无环核苷膦酸酯HPMPC（西多福韦），PMEA（阿德福韦）和PMPA（替诺福韦）已被证明在体外（细胞培养系统）和体内（动物模型和临床研究）对多种DNA病毒和逆转录病毒有效感染：西多福韦抗疱疹病毒（单纯疱疹病毒1型和2型水痘带状疱疹病毒，巨细胞病毒[CMV]，爱泼斯坦-巴尔病毒和人疱疹病毒6、7和8），多瘤病毒，乳头瘤病毒，腺病毒和痘病毒（天花病毒） ，牛痘病毒，牛痘病毒，传染性软体动物感染和orf病毒）感染；阿德福韦对疱疹病毒，肝炎病毒（人类乙型肝炎病毒）和逆转录病毒（人类免疫缺陷病毒1型[HIV-1]和2 [HIV-2]型，猿猴免疫缺陷病毒和猫免疫缺陷病毒）感染；和替诺福韦抗肝炎病毒和逆转录病毒感染。西多福韦（Vistide）已被正式批准用于治疗AIDS患者的CMV视网膜炎，替诺福韦二富马酸富马酸酯（Viread）已被批准用于治疗HIV感染（即AIDS），阿德福韦酯（Hepsera）已被批准用于肾毒性是静脉注射西多福韦（Vistide）的剂量限制性副作用（5 mg / kg）；在批准的剂量（Hepsera每天口服10毫克，Viread每天口服300毫克）中，没有发现对阿德福韦酯和富马酸替诺福韦酯的毒性副作用。替诺福韦酯富马酸二吡呋酯（Viread）已被批准用于治疗HIV感染（即AIDS），阿德福韦酯（Hepsera）已被批准用于治疗慢性乙型肝炎。肾毒性是西多福韦（Vistide）的剂量限制性副作用）静脉使用时（5 mg / kg）；在批准的剂量（Hepsera每天口服10毫克，Viread每天口服300毫克）中，没有发现对阿德福韦酯和富马酸替诺福韦酯的毒性副作用。替诺福韦双富马酸富马酸酯（Viread）已获批准用于治疗HIV感染（即AIDS），阿德福韦酯（Hepsera）已获批准用于治疗慢性乙型肝炎。肾毒性是西多福韦（Vistide）的剂量限制性副作用）静脉使用时（5 mg / kg）；在批准的剂量（Hepsera每天口服10毫克，Viread每天口服300毫克）中，没有发现对阿德福韦酯和富马酸替诺福韦酯的毒性副作用。