Bacterial sepsis and septic shock result from the overproduction of inflammatory mediators as a consequence of the interaction of the immune system with bacteria and bacterial wall constituents in the body. Bacterial cell wall constituents such as lipopolysaccharide, peptidoglycans, and lipoteichoic acid are particularly responsible for the deleterious effects of bacteria. These constituents interact in the body with a large number of proteins and receptors, and this interaction determines the eventual inflammatory effect of the compounds. Within the circulation bacterial constituents interact with proteins such as plasma lipoproteins and lipopolysaccharide binding protein. The interaction of the bacterial constituents with receptors on the surface of mononuclear cells is mainly responsible for the induction of proinflammatory mediators by the bacterial constituents. The role of individual receptors such as the toll-like receptors and CD14 in the induction of proinflammatory cytokines and adhesion molecules is discussed in detail. In addition, the roles of a number of other receptors that bind bacterial compounds such as scavenger receptors and their modulating role in inflammation are described. Finally, the therapies for the treatment of bacterial sepsis and septic shock are discussed in relation to the action of the aforementioned receptors and proteins.

中文翻译：

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细菌性败血症和败血性休克所涉及的受体，介体和机制。

细菌性败血症和败血性休克是由于免疫系统与体内细菌和细菌壁成分相互作用而导致的炎症介质过量产生的结果。细菌细胞壁成分，例如脂多糖，肽聚糖和脂磷壁酸尤其对细菌的有害作用负责。这些成分在体内与大量蛋白质和受体相互作用，这种相互作用决定了化合物的最终炎症作用。在循环中，细菌成分与蛋白质相互作用，例如血浆脂蛋白和脂多糖结合蛋白。细菌成分与单核细胞表面受体的相互作用主要是由细菌成分诱导促炎性介质。详细讨论了诸如Toll样受体和CD14等单个受体在促炎性细胞因子和粘附分子诱导中的作用。此外，还描述了许多其他结合细菌化合物的受体的作用，例如清除剂受体及其在炎症中的调节作用。最后，讨论了与上述受体和蛋白质的作用有关的细菌性败血症和败血性休克的治疗方法。详细讨论了诸如Toll样受体和CD14等单个受体在促炎性细胞因子和粘附分子诱导中的作用。此外，还描述了许多其他结合细菌化合物的受体的作用，例如清除剂受体及其在炎症中的调节作用。最后，讨论了与上述受体和蛋白质的作用有关的细菌性败血症和败血性休克的治疗方法。详细讨论了诸如Toll样受体和CD14等单个受体在促炎性细胞因子和粘附分子诱导中的作用。此外，还描述了许多其他结合细菌化合物的受体的作用，例如清除剂受体及其在炎症中的调节作用。最后，讨论了与上述受体和蛋白质的作用有关的细菌性败血症和败血性休克的治疗方法。