Fusarium root rot is a major pea disease in Canada and only partial tolerance exists in germplasm. Transgenic technologies may hold promise but the economic benefits of genetically modified (GM) pea will need to surpass the regulatory costs, time and labor involved in bringing a GM crop to market. European pea (Pisum sativum L.) cultivars expressing four antifungal genes, 1-3 β glucanase (G), endochitinase (C) (belonging to PR proteins family), polygalacturonase inhibiting proteins (PGIPs) (P) and stilbene synthase (V) have been transformed for disease tolerance and showed disease tolerance under laboratory conditions. Transgenic lines with four antifungal genes inserted either individually or stacked through crossing were tested for their efficacy against Fusarium root rot (Fusarium avenaceum) in confined trials over three years (2013 to 2015) in comparison with two parental German lines and three Canadian lines. Superior emergence, higher fresh weight or lower disease ratings above and below ground, of transgenic lines in presence of disease inoculum were not observed consistently in the three years of field experiments when compared to the parental and Canadian lines in the presence of disease inoculum. No indication of an advantage of stacked genes over single genes was observed. Most transgenic lines had lower relative gene expression in the roots than in the leaves in greenhouse trials suggesting a possible explanation for poor tolerance to Fusarium root rot. Field trials are necessary to verify the agronomic performance and ecological relevance of the promising effects detected under laboratory conditions.

中文翻译：

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稳定表达抗镰刀菌基因的转基因豌豆（Pisum sativum L.）缺乏功效。在三年的有限现场试验中。

镰刀菌根腐病是加拿大豌豆的主要病害，种质中仅存在部分耐受性。转基因技术可能有希望，但转基因豌豆的经济效益将需要超过将转基因作物推向市场所需的监管成本、时间和劳动力。欧洲豌豆 (Pisum sativum L.) 品种表达四种抗真菌基因：1-3 β 葡聚糖酶 (G)、内切壳多糖酶 (C)（属于 PR 蛋白家族）、多聚半乳糖醛酸酶抑制蛋白 (PGIP) (P) 和芪合酶 (V)已转化为抗病性并在实验室条件下表现出抗病性。在为期三年（2013 年至 2015 年）的有限试验中，与两个亲本德国品系和三个加拿大品系进行比较，测试了单独插入或通过杂交堆叠插入四个抗真菌基因的转基因品系对镰刀菌根腐病（Fusarium avenaceum）的功效。与存在疾病接种物的亲本和加拿大品系相比，在三年的田间实验中，没有一致地观察到存在疾病接种物的转基因品系的出苗率较高、鲜重较高或地上和地下较低的疾病等级。没有观察到堆叠基因相对于单个基因的优势的迹象。在温室试验中，大多数转基因品系在根中的相对基因表达低于在叶子中的相对基因表达，这表明对镰刀菌根腐病耐受性差的可能解释。需要进行田间试验来验证实验室条件下检测到的有希望的效果的农艺性能和生态相关性。