Carbon taxes represent a cost‐effective way to steer the economy toward a greener future. In the real world, their application has however been limited. In this paper, we address one of the main obstacles to carbon taxes: public opposition. We identify drivers of and barriers to public support, and, under the form of stylized facts, provide general lessons on the acceptability of carbon taxes. We derive our lessons from a growing literature, as well as from a combination of policy “failures” and “successes.” Based on our stylized facts, we formulate a set of suggestions concerning the design of carbon taxes. We consider the use of trial periods, tax escalators, environmental earmarking, lump‐sum transfers, tax rebates, and advanced communication strategies, among others. This paper contributes to the policy debate about carbon taxes, hopefully leading to more success stories and fewer policy failures.

中文翻译：

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克服公众对碳税的抵制。

碳税是引导经济走向绿色未来的一种经济高效的方式。然而，在现实世界中，它们的应用受到限制。在本文中，我们解决了碳税的主要障碍之一：公众的反对。我们确定了公众支持的驱动因素和障碍，并以典型事实的形式提供了关于碳税可接受性的一般教训。我们从越来越多的文献以及政策“失败”和“成功”的结合中汲取教训。根据我们的典型事实，我们提出了一套关于碳税设计的建议。我们考虑使用试用期、税收阶梯、环境专项拨款、一次性转移支付、退税和先进的沟通策略等。本文为有关碳税的政策辩论做出了贡献，希望能带来更多成功案例，减少政策失败。