ABSTRACT The case is reported of an individual (N.K.) with a developmental spelling impairment (dysgraphia) who has no apparent problems in reading. His performance therefore provides further evidence of a classical dissociation between impaired spelling and preserved reading in individuals with developmental literacy problems. The dissociation is observed when N.K. is asked to read and spell in either his first (Greek) or his second language (English). An investigation of his spelling performance revealed that his impairment was more selective than that of P.J.T. Although his spelling of regular words and nonwords was normal, N.K. had a problem in spelling words with atypical sound–letter associations despite having no problems in reading aloud or understanding the meaning of words of this kind. It is argued that N.K.’s pattern of performance can be best explained in terms of normal development of an orthographic system that allows access to the meaning and pronunciation of written words during reading. In terms of a dual-route model of spelling, his poor spelling appears to be the result of a developmental impairment that impedes access to the orthographic system from phonology and semantics. In terms of the triangle model, his poor spelling appears to be the result of a developmental impairment that affects activation of orthography from semantics.

中文翻译：

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无表面阅读障碍的发育性表面书写障碍

摘要 该案例报告了一名患有发育性拼写障碍（书写障碍）的个体 (NK)，他在阅读方面没有明显问题。因此，他的表现提供了进一步的证据，证明在有发展性识字问题的个体中，拼写受损和阅读能力受损之间存在经典分离。当 NK 被要求用他的第一语言（希腊语）或他的第二语言（英语）阅读和拼写时，就会观察到分离。对他的拼写表现的调查显示，他的障碍比 PJT 更具选择性 虽然他的常规单词和非单词拼写正常，但 NK 在拼写具有非典型声音字母关联的单词时有问题，尽管在大声阅读或理解方面没有问题这种词的意思。有人认为 NK 可以通过正字法系统的正常发展来最好地解释其表现模式，该系统允许在阅读过程中访问书面单词的含义和发音。就拼写的双路径模型而言，他糟糕的拼写似乎是发育障碍的结果，阻碍了从音韵学和语义学访问正字法系统。就三角形模型而言，他的拼写不佳似乎是发育障碍的结果，影响了从语义上激活正字法。他的拼写不佳似乎是发育障碍的结果，这种障碍阻碍了从音韵学和语义学访问拼写系统。就三角形模型而言，他的拼写不佳似乎是发育障碍的结果，影响了从语义上激活正字法。他的拼写不佳似乎是发育障碍的结果，这种障碍阻碍了从音韵学和语义学访问拼写系统。就三角形模型而言，他的拼写不佳似乎是发育障碍的结果，影响了从语义上激活正字法。