Backward walking (BW) has been extensively used in athletic training and orthopedic rehabilitation as it may have value for enhancing balance. This study identified the differences in foot intersegment kinematics (forward walking (FW) vs. time-reversed BW) and plantar pressure parameters of 16 healthy habitually shod individuals walking FW and BW using flexible shoes (SH) and under barefoot conditions (BF). BW was found to have shorter stride length (SL) and higher stride frequency (SF) under BF conditions compared with SH, which indicates a better BW gait stability under BF conditions. Decreased HX/FF dorsiflexion at HO in BW induces less plantar aponeurosis tension which may inhibit the windlass mechanism compared to FW walking. Increased forefoot relative to hindfoot (FF/HF) pronation and sequentially hindfoot relative to tibia (HF/TB) eversion combined with medially distributed plantar pressure and a higher plantar contact area in the medial side in BW-BF maybe beneficial in maintaining balance. These results indicate that BW training may be more reliable under BF conditions compared to the SH conditions based on greater sensory information feedback from the plantar area resulting in better biomechanical behavior.

中文翻译：

---

在与鞋子和赤脚向前和向后行走期间的脚部运动特征。

向后行走（BW）已被广泛用于运动训练和骨科康复中，因为它可能具有增强平衡的价值。这项研究确定了16名健康习惯性穿鞋的人的脚间运动学（前向行走（FW）与时间倒立的BW）和足底压力参数的差异，这些人使用软鞋（SH）在赤脚条件下（BF）行走。与SH相比，BW在BF条件下具有更短的步长（SL）和更高的步频（SF），这表明在BF条件下BW步态稳定性更好。与FW行走相比，BW HO处HX / FF背屈的减少引起足底腱膜张力降低，这可能会抑制锚栓机制。相对于后足（FF / HF）内翻前脚增加，相对于胫骨（HF / TB）外翻，后脚依次增加，并伴有内侧分布的足底压力和BW-BF内侧内侧较高的足底接触面积，可能有助于保持平衡。这些结果表明，基于来自足底区域的更大的感官信息反馈，在BF条件下与SH条件相比，BW训练可能更可靠，从而导致更好的生物力学行为。