The aim of this article is to present Władysław Heinrich as one of the pioneers of Polish psychology. In the first part, Heinrich’s achievements are presented in the broad context of the political, ethnic, and cultural situation in Polish territory as well as with regard to some of the most important figures in Polish psychology from the 19th and early 20th centuries (e.g., Wiszniewski, Ochorowicz, Abramowski, Twardowski). The outlined characteristics of several projects for practicing psychology show the academic centers with which Polish researchers entered into dialogue (e.g., Brentano and Freud in Vienna, Flournoy in Switzerland). The article also explains the indigenization of various trends coming from those centers and what the process of internationalization looked like. The second and main part of the article presents the scientific curriculum vitae et studiorum of Heinrich and its links to behaviorism. It is discussed in reference both to Henri Piéron’s proposal for a behavior-focused psychology and to a paper by Heinrich’s student Strzembosz that compares his mentor’s views with those of early behaviorists such as Parmelee, Meyer, Weiss, Pillsbury, and Watson as well as to the Gestalt psychologists. Although some similarities between early American behaviorism and Heinrich’s behavior-focused approach undoubtedly exist, the specific European cultural context shaped the latter in a different direction. The case of Heinrich (and Piéron) shows, however, that Watson’s behaviorism was not the only form that an objective, behavior-focused psychology could take at the turn of the 20th century.

中文翻译：

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几代“浪费的机会”：瓦迪斯瓦夫·海因里希和波兰心理学。

本文的目的是向瓦迪斯拉夫·海因里希（WładysławHeinrich）介绍波兰心理学的先驱之一。在第一部分中，海因里希的成就是在波兰领土上的政治，种族和文化状况以及19世纪至20世纪初波兰心理学中一些最重要人物的广泛背景下展示的（例如， Wiszniewski，Ochorowicz，Abramowski，Twardowski）。几个实践心理学项目的概述特征显示了波兰研究人员与之对话的学术中心（例如，维也纳的Brentano和Freud，瑞士的Flournoy）。本文还解释了来自这些中心的各种趋势的本土化以及国际化的过程。本文的第二部分和主要部分介绍了海因里希（Heinrich）的科学履历及其与行为主义的联系。既要参考HenriPiéron关于行为心理学的建议，也要参考Heinrich的学生Strzembosz的论文，该论文将其导师的观点与早期行为主义者（如Parmelee，Meyer，Weiss，Pillsbury和Watson）的观点进行了比较。格式塔心理学家。尽管毫无疑问，美国早期的行为主义与海因里希的行为导向方法之间存在某些相似之处，但特定的欧洲文化背景却在不同的方向上塑造了后者。但是，海因里希（和皮埃隆）的案例表明，沃森的行为主义并不是20世纪初客观，以行为为中心的心理学可以采取的唯一形式。