Background and aimsBacterial Non-Specific Acid Phosphatase (NSAP) enzymes are capable of dephosphorylating diverse organic phosphoesters but are rarely studied: their distribution in natural and managed environments is poorly understood. The aim of this study was to generate new insight into the environmental distribution of NSAPs and establish their potential global relevance to cycling of organic phosphorus.MethodsWe employed bioinformatic tools to determine NSAP diversity and subcellular localization in microbial genomes; used the corresponding NSAP gene sequences to census metagenomes from diverse ecosystems; studied the effect of long-term land management upon NSAP diversity and abundance.ResultsPeriplasmic class B NSAPs are poorly represented in marine and terrestrial environments, reflecting their association with enteric and pathogenic bacteria. Periplasmic class A and outer membrane-associated class C NSAPs are cosmopolitan. NSAPs are more abundant in marine than terrestrial ecosystems and class C more abundant than class A genes, except in an acidic peat where class A genes dominate. A clear effect of land management upon gene abundance was identified.ConclusionsNSAP genes are cosmopolitan. Class C genes are more widely distributed: their association with the outer-membrane of cells gives them a clear role in the cycling of organic phosphorus, particularly in soils.

中文翻译：

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系统发育分布、生物地理学和土地管理对细菌非特异性酸性磷酸酶的影响基因多样性和丰度

背景和目标细菌非特异性酸性磷酸酶（NSAP）能够使多种有机磷酸酯去磷酸化，但很少进行研究：它们在自然和管理环境中的分布知之甚少。本研究的目的是对 NSAP 的环境分布产生新的见解，并确定其与有机磷循环的潜在全球相关性。方法我们采用生物信息学工具来确定 NSAP 多样性和微生物基因组中的亚细胞定位；使用相应的 NSAP 基因序列来普查来自不同生态系统的宏基因组；研究了长期土地管理对 NSAP 多样性和丰度的影响。结果B 类周质 NSAP 在海洋和陆地环境中的代表性较差，反映了它们与肠道细菌和致病菌的关联。周质 A 类和外膜相关的 C 类 NSAP 是世界性的。NSAP 在海洋生态系统中比陆地生态系统更丰富，C 类基因比 A 类基因更丰富，但 A 类基因占主导地位的酸性泥炭除外。确定了土地管理对基因丰度的明显影响。结论NSAP 基因是世界性的。C类基因分布更广泛：它们与细胞外膜的关联使它们在有机磷的循环中发挥明显的作用，特别是在土壤中。