Cell polarization can be defined as the generation and maintenance of directional cellular organization. The spatial distribution and protein or lipid composition of the cell are not symmetric but organized in specialized domains which allow cells to grow and acquire a certain shape that is closely linked to their physiological function. The establishment and maintenance of polarized growth requires the coordination of diverse processes including cytoskeletal dynamics, membrane trafficking, and signaling cascade regulation. Some of the major players involved in the selection and maintenance of sites for polarized growth are Rho GTPases, which recognize the polarization site and transmit the signal to regulatory proteins of the cytoskeleton. Additionally, cytoskeletal organization, polarized secretion, and endocytosis are controlled by signaling pathways including those mediated by mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs). Rho GTPases and the MAPK signaling pathways are strongly conserved from yeast to mammals, suggesting that the basic mechanisms of polarized growth have been maintained throughout evolution. For this reason, the study of how polarized growth is established and regulated in simple organisms such as the fission yeast Schizosaccharomyces pombe has contributed to broaden our knowledge about these processes in multicellular organisms. We review here the function of the Cdc42 GTPase and the stress activated MAPK (SAPK) signaling pathways during fission yeast polarized growth, and discuss the relevance of the crosstalk between both pathways.

中文翻译：

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在调节裂变酵母极化生长过程中，Cdc42和应激MAPK信号通路之间的功能相互作用。

细胞极化可以定义为定向细胞组织的产生和维持。细胞的空间分布和蛋白质或脂质组成不是对称的，而是组织在特定的域中，使细胞得以生长并获得与其生理功能密切相关的特定形状。极化生长的建立和维持需要多种过程的协调，包括细胞骨架动力学，膜运输和信号级联调节。Rho GTPases是参与极化生长位点的选择和维持的一些主要参与者，它们识别极化位点并将信号传输至细胞骨架的调节蛋白。此外，细胞骨架组织，极化分泌，内吞作用和内吞作用受信号通路控制，包括有丝分裂原激活的蛋白激酶（MAPK）介导的信号通路。Rho GTPases和MAPK信号通路从酵母到哺乳动物都非常保守，这表明极化生长的基本机制在整个进化过程中都得到了维持。因此，在裂变酵母等简单生物中如何建立和调节极化生长的研究粟酒裂殖酵母有助于扩大我们对多细胞生物中这些过程的了解。我们在这里回顾了Cdc42 GTPase的功能和裂变酵母极化生长过程中的应力激活MAPK（SAPK）信号传导途径，并讨论了这两种途径之间的串扰的相关性。