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Brief Increases in Corticosterone Affect Morphology, Stress Responses, and Telomere Length but Not Postfledging Movements in a Wild Songbird.
Physiological and Biochemical Zoology ( IF 1.6 ) Pub Date : 2019-03-07 , DOI: 10.1086/702827
Teresa M Pegan , David W Winkler , Mark F Haussmann , Maren N Vitousek

Organisms are frequently exposed to challenges during development, such as poor weather and food shortage. Such challenges can initiate the hormonal stress response, which involves secretion of glucocorticoids. Although the hormonal stress response helps organisms deal with challenges, long-term exposure to high levels of glucocorticoids can have morphological, behavioral, and physiological consequences, especially during development. Glucocorticoids are also associated with telomere shortening, and they have a complex relationship with survival. To investigate whether brief, acute exposures to glucocorticoids can also produce these phenotypic effects in free-living birds, we exposed wild tree swallow (Tachycineta bicolor) nestlings to a brief exogenous dose of corticosterone once per day for 5 d and then measured their morphology, baseline and stress-induced corticosterone levels, and telomere length. We also deployed radio tags on a subset of nestlings, which allowed us to determine the age at which tagged nestlings left the nest (fledged) and their pattern of presence and absence at the natal site during the postbreeding period. Corticosterone-treated nestlings had lower mass, higher baseline and stress-induced corticosterone, and reduced telomeres; other metrics of morphology were affected weakly or not at all. Our treatment resulted in no significant effect on survival to fledging, fledge age, or age at first departure from the natal site, and we found no negative effect of corticosterone on interannual return rate. These results show that brief acute corticosterone exposure during development can have measurable effects on phenotype in free-living tree swallows. Corticosterone may therefore mediate correlations between rearing environment and phenotype in developing organisms, even in the absence of prolonged stressors.

中文翻译:

皮质类固醇对形态,压力反应和端粒长度的短暂增加,但不会影响野生鸣禽的后移运动。

有机体在发展过程中经常面临挑战,例如恶劣的天气和粮食短缺。此类挑战可引发荷尔蒙应激反应,其中涉及糖皮质激素的分泌。尽管激素应激反应可以帮助生物体应对挑战,但长期暴露于高水平的糖皮质激素可能会产生形态,行为和生理后果,尤其是在发育过程中。糖皮质激素也与端粒缩短有关,并且它们与生存有复杂的关系。为了研究短暂,急性地暴露于糖皮质激素的情况是否也能在自由活动的鸟类中产生这些表型效应,我们每天将野生树燕子(Tachycineta bicolor)雏鸟暴露于短暂外源剂量的皮质酮中,持续5 d,然后测量其形态,基线和压力诱发的皮质酮水平以及端粒长度。我们还在一部分雏鸟上部署了无线电标签,这使我们能够确定带标签的雏鸟离开巢(成年)的年龄,以及它们在繁殖后时期在出生部位的存在和不存在的模式。皮质酮处理的雏鸟的质量较低,基线较高,压力诱发的皮质酮含量较高,端粒减少。其他形态指标几乎没有受到影响。我们的治疗对成年,成胎年龄或初次离开产地的年龄没有显着影响,并且我们发现皮质酮对年间回报率没有负面影响。这些结果表明,发育过程中短暂的急性皮质酮暴露可对自由活动树燕子的表型产生可测量的影响。
更新日期:2019-11-01
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