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Experimental duplication of bilaterian body axes in spider embryos: Holm's organizer and self-regulation of embryonic fields.
Development Genes and Evolution ( IF 2.4 ) Pub Date : 2019-04-10 , DOI: 10.1007/s00427-019-00631-x
Hiroki Oda 1, 2 , Sawa Iwasaki-Yokozawa 1 , Toshiya Usui 3 , Yasuko Akiyama-Oda 1, 4
Affiliation  

Bilaterally symmetric body plans of vertebrates and arthropods are defined by a single set of two orthogonal axes, the anterior-posterior (or head-tail) and dorsal-ventral axes. In vertebrates, and especially amphibians, complete or partial doubling of the bilaterian body axes can be induced by two different types of embryological manipulations: transplantation of an organizer region or bi-sectioning of an embryo. Such axis doubling relies on the ability of embryonic fields to flexibly respond to the situation and self-regulate toward forming a whole body. This phenomenon has facilitated experimental efforts to investigate the mechanisms of vertebrate body axes formation. However, few studies have addressed the self-regulatory capabilities of embryonic fields associated with body axes formation in non-vertebrate bilaterians. The pioneer spider embryologist Åke Holm reported twinning of spider embryos induced by both types of embryological manipulations in 1952; yet, his experiments have not been replicated by other investigators, and access to spider or non-vertebrate twins has been limited. In this review, we provide a historical background on twinning experiments in spiders, and an overview of current twinning approaches in familiar spider species and related molecular studies. Moreover, we discuss the benefits of the spider model system for a deeper understanding of the ancestral mechanisms of body axes formation in arthropods, as well as in bilaterians.

中文翻译:

蜘蛛胚胎中双侧体轴的实验性复制:霍尔姆的组织者和胚胎场的自我调节。

脊椎动物和节肢动物的双侧对称身体计划由一组两个正交轴定义,即前后轴(或头尾轴)和背腹轴。在脊椎动物,特别是两栖动物中,可以通过两种不同类型的胚胎操作来诱导双侧体轴的全部或部分加倍:组织区的移植或胚胎的二等分。这种轴倍增依赖于胚胎场对情况做出灵活反应并自我调节以形成全身的能力。这一现象促进了研究脊椎动物体轴形成机制的实验工作。然而,很少有研究解决与非椎体双侧脊椎动物体轴形成相关的胚胎场的自我调节能力。最早的蜘蛛胚胎学家ÅkeHolm在1952年报道了由两种类型的胚胎学操纵引起的蜘蛛胚胎孪生。然而,他的实验还没有被其他研究者重复,并且接触蜘蛛或非脊椎动物双胞胎的机会受到限制。在这篇综述中,我们提供了蜘蛛孪生实验的历史背景,并概述了熟悉的蜘蛛物种和相关分子研究中当前的孪生方法。此外,我们讨论了蜘蛛模型系统的好处,以便更深入地了解节肢动物和双语者体内体轴形成的祖先机制。并且接触蜘蛛或非脊椎动物双胞胎的机会受到限制。在这篇综述中,我们提供了蜘蛛孪生实验的历史背景,并概述了熟悉的蜘蛛物种和相关分子研究中当前的孪生方法。此外,我们讨论了蜘蛛模型系统的好处,以便更深入地了解节肢动物和双语者体内体轴形成的祖先机制。并且接触蜘蛛或非脊椎动物双胞胎的机会受到限制。在这篇综述中,我们提供了蜘蛛孪生实验的历史背景,并概述了熟悉的蜘蛛物种和相关分子研究中当前的孪生方法。此外,我们讨论了蜘蛛模型系统的好处,以便更深入地了解节肢动物和双语者体内体轴形成的祖先机制。
更新日期:2019-04-10
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