Increasing atmospheric CO₂ is having detrimental effects on the Earth system. Societies have recognized that anthropogenic CO₂ release must be rapidly reduced to avoid potentially catastrophic impacts. Achieving this via emissions reductions alone will be very difficult. Carbon dioxide removal (CDR) has been suggested to complement and compensate for insufficient emissions reductions, through increasing natural carbon sinks, engineering new carbon sinks, or combining natural uptake with engineered storage. Here, we review the carbon cycle responses to different CDR approaches and highlight the often-overlooked interaction and feedbacks between carbon reservoirs that ultimately determines CDR efficacy. We also identify future research that will be needed if CDR is to play a role in climate change mitigation, these include coordinated studies to better understand (i) the underlying mechanisms of each method, (ii) how they could be explicitly simulated, (iii) how reversible changes in the climate and carbon cycle are, and (iv) how to evaluate and monitor CDR.

中文翻译：

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二氧化碳去除对碳循环的影响。

大气中CO _2的增加对地球系统有不利影响。社会已经认识到人为的CO ₂必须迅速减少释放，以避免潜在的灾难性影响。仅通过减少排放量来实现这一目标将非常困难。有人建议通过增加天然碳汇，设计新的碳汇或将自然吸收与工程存储结合起来，来去除二氧化碳（CDR），以补充和补偿减少的排放量不足。在这里，我们回顾了碳循环对不同CDR方法的响应，并强调了经常被忽视的碳储库之间的相互作用和反馈，这些相互作用和反馈最终决定了CDR的功效。我们还确定了CDR要在减缓气候变化中发挥作用所需要的未来研究，其中包括协调研究以更好地了解（i）每种方法的潜在机制，（ii）如何对其进行明确模拟，