The use of Drosophila cell cultures has positively impacted both fundamental and biomedical research. The most widely used cell lines: Schneider, Kc, the CNS and imaginal disc lines continue to be the choice for many applications. Drosophila cell lines provide a homogenous source of cells suitable for biochemical experimentations, transcriptomics, functional genomics, and biomedical applications. They are amenable to RNA interference and serve as a platform for high‐throughput screens to identify relevant candidate genes or drugs for any biological process. Currently, CRISPR‐based functional genomics are also being developed for Drosophila cell lines. Even though many uniquely derived cell lines exist, cell genetic techniques such the transgenic UAS‐GAL4‐based Ras^V12 oncogene expression, CRISPR‐Cas9 editing and recombination mediated cassette exchange are likely to drive the establishment of many more lines from specific tissues, cells, or genotypes. However, the pace of creating new lines is hindered by several factors inherent to working with Drosophila cell cultures: single cell cloning, optimal media formulations and culture conditions capable of supporting lines from novel tissue sources or genotypes. Moreover, even though many Drosophila cell lines are morphologically and transcriptionally distinct it may be necessary to implement a standard for Drosophila cell line authentication, ensuring the identity and purity of each cell line. Altogether, recent advances and a standardized authentication effort should improve the utility of Drosophila cell cultures as a relevant model for fundamental and biomedical research.

中文翻译：

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果蝇细胞培养物的产生和使用：当前的挑战和机遇。

果蝇细胞培养物的使用对基础研究和生物医学研究都产生了积极影响。使用最广泛的细胞系：Schneider，Kc，CNS和虚拟圆盘系仍然是许多应用的选择。果蝇细胞系提供适用于生化实验，转录组学，功能基因组学和生物医学应用的均匀细胞来源。它们适合RNA干扰，并且可以作为高通量筛选的平台，以识别任何生物过程中的相关候选基因或药物。目前，基于CRISPR的功能基因组学也正在为果蝇开发。细胞系。即使存在许多独特衍生的细胞系，细胞遗传技术，例如基于转基因UAS‐GAL4的Ras ^V12癌基因表达，CRISPR‐Cas9编辑和重组介导的盒式交换，也有可能推动从特定组织，细胞，或基因型。但是，果蝇细胞培养固有的几个因素阻碍了创建新品系的步伐：单细胞克隆，最佳培养基配方和能够支持来自新组织来源或基因型的品系的培养条件。此外，即使许多果蝇细胞系在形态和转录上是不同的，也可能有必要实施果蝇标准细胞系认证，确保每个细胞系的身份和纯度。总之，最新的进展和标准化的认证工作应提高果蝇细胞培养作为基础和生物医学研究的相关模型的实用性。