Skeletal muscle growth during the early postnatal period is rapid in the pig and dependent on the capacity of muscle to respond to anabolic and catabolic stimuli. Muscle mass is driven by the balance between protein synthesis and degradation. Among these processes, muscle protein synthesis in the piglet is exceptionally sensitive to the feeding-induced postprandial changes in insulin and amino acids, whereas muscle protein degradation is affected only during specific catabolic states. The developmental decline in the response of muscle to feeding is associated with changes in the signaling pathways located upstream and downstream of the mechanistic target of rapamycin protein complex. Additionally, muscle growth is supported by an accretion of nuclei derived from satellite cells. Activated satellite cells undergo proliferation, differentiation, and fusion with adjacent growing muscle fibers. Enhancing early muscle growth through modifying protein synthesis, degradation, and satellite cell activity is key to maximizing performance, productivity, and lifelong pig health.

中文翻译：

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猪模型中产后早期肌肉生长的调节。

猪在出生后早期的骨骼肌生长迅速，并且依赖于肌肉对合成代谢和分解代谢刺激的反应能力。肌肉质量是由蛋白质合成和降解之间的平衡驱动的。在这些过程中，仔猪的肌肉蛋白质合成对摄食引起的餐后胰岛素和氨基酸变化异常敏感，而肌肉蛋白质降解仅在特定的分解代谢状态下受到影响。肌肉对进食反应的发育下降与位于雷帕霉素蛋白复合物机制靶标上游和下游的信号通路的变化有关。此外，来自卫星细胞的细胞核的增加支持肌肉生长。活化的卫星细胞经历增殖、分化、并与相邻生长的肌肉纤维融合。通过改变蛋白质合成、降解和卫星细胞活性来增强早期肌肉生长是最大限度地提高性能、生产力和猪终身健康的关键。