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Biomarkers of food intake for nuts and vegetable oils: an extensive literature search.
Genes and Nutrition ( IF 3.5 ) Pub Date : 2019-03-19 , DOI: 10.1186/s12263-019-0628-8
Mar Garcia-Aloy 1, 2 , Paul J M Hulshof 3 , Sheila Estruel-Amades 1 , Maryse C J Osté 4 , Maria Lankinen 5 , Johanna M Geleijnse 3 , Janette de Goede 3 , Marynka Ulaszewska 6 , Fulvio Mattivi 6, 7 , Stephan J L Bakker 4 , Ursula Schwab 5, 8 , Cristina Andres-Lacueva 1, 2
Affiliation  

Nuts and vegetable oils are important sources of fat and of a wide variety of micronutrients and phytochemicals. Following their intake, several of their constituents, as well as their derived metabolites, are found in blood circulation and in urine. As a consequence, these could be used to assess the compliance to a dietary intervention or to determine habitual intake of nuts and vegetable oils. However, before these metabolites can be widely used as biomarkers of food intake (BFIs), several characteristics have to be considered, including specificity, dose response, time response, stability, and analytical performance. We have, therefore, conducted an extensive literature search to evaluate current knowledge about potential BFIs of nuts and vegetable oils. Once identified, the strengths and weaknesses of the most promising candidate BFIs have been summarized. Results from selected studies have provided a variety of compounds mainly derived from the fatty fraction of these foods, but also other components and derived metabolites related to their nutritional composition. In particular, α-linolenic acid, urolithins, and 5-hydroxyindole-3-acetic acid seem to be the most plausible candidate BFIs for walnuts, whereas for almonds they could be α-tocopherol and some catechin-derived metabolites. Similarly, several studies have reported a strong association between selenium levels and consumption of Brazil nuts. Intake of vegetable oils has been mainly assessed through the measurement of specific fatty acids in different blood fractions, such as oleic acid for olive oil, α-linolenic acid for flaxseed (linseed) and rapeseed (canola) oils, and linoleic acid for sunflower oil. Additionally, hydroxytyrosol and its metabolites were the most promising distinctive BFIs for (extra) virgin olive oil. However, most of these components lack sufficient specificity to serve as BFIs. Therefore, additional studies are necessary to discover new candidate BFIs, as well as to further evaluate the specificity, sensitivity, dose-response relationships, and reproducibility of these candidate biomarkers and to eventually validate them in other populations. For the discovery of new candidate BFIs, an untargeted metabolomics approach may be the most effective strategy, whereas for increasing the specificity of the evaluation of food consumption, this could be a combination of different metabolites.

中文翻译:

坚果和植物油食物摄入的生物标志物:广泛的文献搜索。

坚果和植物油是脂肪以及多种微量营养素和植物化学物质的重要来源。摄入后,在血液循环和尿液中会发现它们的几种成分及其衍生的代谢产物。因此,这些可用于评估对饮食干预的依从性或确定坚果和植物油的习惯摄入量。但是,在将这些代谢物广泛用作食物摄入(BFI)的生物标志物之前,必须考虑几个特征,包括特异性,剂量响应,时间响应,稳定性和分析性能。因此,我们进行了广泛的文献搜索,以评估有关坚果和植物油潜在BFI的当前知识。一旦确定,总结了最有前途的候选BFI的优缺点。选定研究的结果提供了各种化合物,这些化合物主要来源于这些食物的脂肪部分,还包括与它们的营养成分有关的其他成分和衍生的代谢产物。特别是,α-亚麻酸,尿石素和5-羟基吲哚-3-乙酸似乎是核桃最可行的候选BFI,而对于杏仁,它们可能是α-生育酚和儿茶素衍生的代谢物。同样,一些研究报告说硒水平与巴西坚果的消费量之间存在很强的联系。植物油的摄入量主要通过测量不同血液成分中的特定脂肪酸来评估,例如橄榄油中的油酸,亚麻籽油和亚麻籽油的α-亚麻酸,葵花籽油的亚麻油酸。此外,羟基酪醇及其代谢产物是(额外)初榨橄榄油最有前途的独特BFI。但是,大多数这些成分缺乏足够的特异性来充当BFI。因此,有必要进行额外的研究以发现新的候选BFI,并进一步评估这些候选生物标记物的特异性,敏感性,剂量反应关系和可重复性,并最终在其他人群中进行验证。对于发现新的候选BFI而言,无针对性的代谢组学方法可能是最有效的策略,而对于提高食品消费评估的特异性,这可能是不同代谢物的组合。和亚油酸用于葵花籽油。此外,羟基酪醇及其代谢产物是(额外)初榨橄榄油最有前途的独特BFI。但是,大多数这些成分缺乏足够的特异性来充当BFI。因此,有必要进行额外的研究以发现新的候选BFI,并进一步评估这些候选生物标记物的特异性,敏感性,剂量反应关系和可重复性,并最终在其他人群中进行验证。对于发现新的候选BFI而言,无针对性的代谢组学方法可能是最有效的策略,而对于提高食品消费评估的特异性,这可能是不同代谢物的组合。和亚油酸用于葵花籽油。此外,羟基酪醇及其代谢产物是(额外)初榨橄榄油最有前途的独特BFI。但是,大多数这些成分缺乏足够的特异性来充当BFI。因此,有必要进行额外的研究来发现新的候选BFI,并进一步评估这些候选生物标记的特异性,敏感性,剂量反应关系和可重复性,并最终在其他人群中进行验证。对于发现新的候选BFI而言,无针对性的代谢组学方法可能是最有效的策略,而对于提高食品消费评估的特异性,这可能是不同代谢物的组合。羟基酪醇及其代谢物是(额外)初榨橄榄油最有前途的独特BFI。但是,大多数这些成分缺乏足够的特异性来充当BFI。因此,有必要进行额外的研究以发现新的候选BFI,并进一步评估这些候选生物标记物的特异性,敏感性,剂量反应关系和可重复性,并最终在其他人群中进行验证。对于发现新的候选BFI而言,无针对性的代谢组学方法可能是最有效的策略,而对于提高食品消费评估的特异性,这可能是不同代谢物的组合。羟基酪醇及其代谢物是(额外)初榨橄榄油最有前途的独特BFI。但是,大多数这些成分缺乏足够的特异性来充当BFI。因此,有必要进行额外的研究以发现新的候选BFI,并进一步评估这些候选生物标记物的特异性,敏感性,剂量反应关系和可重复性,并最终在其他人群中进行验证。对于发现新的候选BFI而言,无针对性的代谢组学方法可能是最有效的策略,而对于提高食品消费评估的特异性,这可能是不同代谢物的组合。为了发现新的候选BFI,以及进一步评估这些候选生物标记的特异性,敏感性,剂量反应关系和可重复性,并最终在其他人群中进行验证,还需要进行其他研究。对于发现新的候选BFI而言,无针对性的代谢组学方法可能是最有效的策略,而对于提高食品消费评估的特异性,这可能是不同代谢物的组合。为了发现新的候选BFI,以及进一步评估这些候选生物标记的特异性,敏感性,剂量反应关系和可重复性,并最终在其他人群中进行验证,还需要进行其他研究。对于发现新的候选BFI而言,无针对性的代谢组学方法可能是最有效的策略,而对于提高食品消费评估的特异性,这可能是不同代谢物的组合。
更新日期:2020-04-22
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