ABSTRACT This study examined whether attention to a location plays a role in the maintenance of locations in spatial working memory in young children as it does in adults. This study was the first to investigate whether distractors presented during the delay of a spatial working-memory task influenced young children’s memory responses. Across 2 experiments, 3- and 6-year-olds completed a spatial working-memory task featuring a static target location and distractor location. Results indicated a change from 3 years to 6 years of age in how distractors influenced memory. Six-year-olds’ memory responses were biased away from a distractor that was close to the target location and on the outside of the target location relative to the center of the monitor. Distractors that were far from the target or that were toward the center of the monitor relative to the target location had no effect. Three-year-olds’ responses were biased toward a distractor when the distractor was on the outside of the target location and farther from the target. Distractors that were near the target location or toward the center of the monitor had no effect. These biases provide evidence that young children’s maintenance of a location in memory is influenced by attention.

中文翻译：

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干扰物对空间工作记忆维持影响的发展差异

摘要 本研究检验了对位置的注意是否与成人一样在幼儿空间工作记忆中的位置维持中起作用。这项研究首次调查了在空间工作记忆任务延迟期间出现的干扰物是否会影响幼儿的记忆反应。在 2 个实验中，3 岁和 6 岁的孩子完成了一项空间工作记忆任务，其中包括静态目标位置和干扰物位置。结果表明，干扰因素对记忆的影响从 3 岁到 6 岁发生了变化。六岁儿童的记忆反应偏向于远离目标位置和目标位置相对于监视器中心外侧的干扰物。远离目标或相对于目标位置朝向监视器中心的干扰器没有效果。当干扰物位于目标位置的外侧且离目标较远时，三岁儿童的反应偏向于干扰物。靠近目标位置或朝向监视器中心的干扰器没有效果。这些偏见提供了证据，表明幼儿在记忆中保持某个位置受到注意力的影响。