The presence of multiple eco-certification standards for sustainable aquaculture is thought to create confusion and add cost for producers and consumers alike. To ensure their quality and consistency, a range of so-called metagovernance arrangements have emerged that seek to provide harmonized quality assurance over these standards. This article aims to answer the question of how these metagovernance arrangements differ and whether they actually reduce confusion, with a focus on aquaculture in Southeast Asia. We compare three metagovernance arrangements, the Global Sustainable Seafood Initiative, the International Social and Environmental Accreditation and Labelling Alliance, and the Association of Southeast Asian Nations Good Aquaculture Practices, with respect to differences in their goals, their levels of inclusiveness, and their internal governance arrangement. The findings indicate that these metagovernance arrangements differ with respect to their goals and approaches and do not seem to directly reduce confusion. More critically, they represent a new arena for competition among market, state, and civil society actors in controlling the means of regulation when aiming for more sustainable aquaculture production.

中文翻译：

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元治理水产养殖标准：GSSI、东盟 GAP 和 ISEAL 的比较

可持续水产养殖的多个生态认证标准的存在被认为会造成混乱并增加生产者和消费者的成本。为确保其质量和一致性，出现了一系列所谓的元治理安排，旨在为这些标准提供统一的质量保证。本文旨在回答这些元治理安排有何不同以及它们是否真正减少混乱的问题，重点是东南亚的水产养殖。我们比较了三个元治理安排，即全球可持续海鲜倡议、国际社会和环境认证和标签联盟以及东南亚国家联盟良好水产养殖规范，它们在目标、包容性水平、及其内部治理安排。调查结果表明，这些元治理安排在目标和方法方面有所不同，似乎并没有直接减少混乱。更重要的是，它们代表了市场、国家和民间社会参与者在控制监管手段以实现更可持续的水产养殖生产方面竞争的新舞台。