Several studies have found upregulated brain arousal during 15-minute EEG recordings at rest in depressed patients. However, studies based on shorter EEG recording intervals are lacking. Here we aimed to compare measures of brain arousal obtained from 2-minute EEGs at rest under eyes-closed condition in depressed patients and healthy controls in a multisite project—Establishing Moderators and Biosignatures of Antidepressant Response for Clinical Care (EMBARC). We expected that depressed patients would show stable and elevated brain arousal relative to controls. Eighty-seven depressed patients and 36 healthy controls from four research sites in the United States were included in the analyses. The Vigilance Algorithm Leipzig (VIGALL) was used for the fully automatic classification of EEG-vigilance stages (indicating arousal states) of 1-second EEG segments; VIGALL-derived measures of brain arousal were calculated. We found that depressed patients scored higher on arousal stability (Z = −2.163, P = .015) and A stages (dominant alpha activity; P = .027) but lower on B1 stages (low-voltage non-alpha activity, P = .008) compared with healthy controls. No significant group differences were observed in Stage B2/3. In summary, we were able to demonstrate stable and elevated brain arousal during brief 2-minute recordings at rest in depressed patients. Results set the stage for examining the value of these measures for predicting clinical response to antidepressants in the entire EMBARC sample and evaluating whether an upregulated brain arousal is particularly characteristic for responders to antidepressants.

中文翻译：

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重度抑郁症多中心研究中脑唤醒的静息脑电图测量

几项研究发现，抑郁症患者在休息时 15 分钟的脑电图记录中大脑唤醒上调。然而，缺乏基于较短 EEG 记录间隔的研究。在这里，我们旨在比较抑郁症患者和健康对照组在闭眼条件下静息 2 分钟脑电图获得的大脑唤醒测量值，该项目是一个多站点项目——建立抗抑郁药临床治疗反应的调节剂和生物特征 (EMBARC)。我们预计抑郁症患者相对于对照组会表现出稳定和升高的大脑唤醒。来自美国四个研究地点的 87 名抑郁症患者和 36 名健康对照者被纳入分析。Vigilance Algorithm Leipzig (VIGALL) 用于 1 秒 EEG 段的 EEG-警戒阶段（指示唤醒状态）的全自动分类；计算了 VIGALL 衍生的大脑唤醒量度。我们发现抑郁症患者在唤醒稳定性（Z = -2.163，P = .015）和 A 阶段（主要 alpha 活动；P = .027）上得分较高，但在 B1 阶段（低电压非 alpha 活动，P = .008) 与健康对照相比。在阶段 B2/3 中没有观察到显着的组别差异。总之，我们能够在抑郁症患者休息时的 2 分钟简短录音中证明稳定和提高的大脑唤醒。