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CRISPR as agent: a metaphor that rhetorically inhibits the prospects for responsible research
Life Sciences, Society and Policy Pub Date : 2018-11-13 , DOI: 10.1186/s40504-018-0088-8
Leah Ceccarelli 1
Affiliation  

In 2015, a group of 18 scientists and bioethicists published an editorial in Science calling for “open discourse on the use of CRISPR-Cas9 technology to manipulate the human genome” and recommending that steps be taken to strongly discourage “any attempts at germline genome modification” in humans with this powerful new technology. Press reports compared the essay to a letter written by Paul Berg and 10 other scientists in 1974, also published in Science, calling for a voluntary deferral of certain types of recombinant DNA experimentation. A rhetorical analysis of the metaphors in these two documents, and in the summary statements that came out of the respective National Academy of Sciences conferences they instigated, shows that while they have a lot in common, they are different in at least one important way. The more recent texts deploy conceptual metaphors that portray the biotechnology in question as an autonomous agent, subtly suggesting an inevitability to its development, in contrast to the earlier texts, which portray the scientists who are using the technology as the primary agents who take action. Rhetorical moves depicting biotechnology as an agent in the 2015 texts hint at contemporary skepticism about whether humans can restrain the forward momentum of science and technology in a global context, thus inhibiting scientists from imagining a consequential role for themselves in shaping the future of responsible research.

中文翻译:

CRISPR作为媒介:一个隐喻抑制了负责任研究前景的隐喻

2015年,由18位科学家和生物伦理学家组成的小组在《科学》杂志上发表了一篇社论,呼吁“公开讨论使用CRISPR-Cas9技术操纵人类基因组”,并建议采取措施大力劝阻“任何种系基因组修饰的尝试”凭借这项强大的新技术在人类中”。新闻报道将这篇文章与保罗·伯格和其他10位科学家在1974年写的信(也发表在《科学》上)作了比较,要求自愿推迟某些类型的重组DNA实验。对这两个文件中的隐喻以及他们在各自的美国国家科学院会议上进行的总结性陈述的修辞分析表明,尽管它们有很多共同之处,但它们至少在一个重要方面存在差异。与较早的文章相反,较早的文章将使用该技术作为采取行动的主要力量的科学家相反,将概念上的隐喻描述为有争议的生物技术为自主因素,巧妙地暗示了其发展的必然性。在2015年的文本中将生物技术作为代理进行的修辞性举动暗示了当代的怀疑论,即人类是否可以在全球范围内限制科学技术的前进势头,从而使科学家无法想象自己在塑造负责任研究的未来中所起的重要作用。其中描绘了使用该技术的科学家为采取行动的主要推动者。在2015年的文本中将生物技术作为代理进行的修辞性举动暗示了当代的怀疑论,即人类是否可以在全球范围内限制科学技术的前进势头,从而使科学家无法想象自己在塑造负责任研究的未来中所起的重要作用。其中描绘了使用该技术的科学家为采取行动的主要推动者。在2015年的文本中将生物技术作为代理进行的修辞性举动暗示了当代的怀疑论,即人类是否可以在全球范围内限制科学技术的前进势头,从而使科学家无法想象自己在塑造负责任研究的未来中所起的重要作用。
更新日期:2018-11-13
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