Bacteria overwhelmingly live in geometrically confined habitats that feature small pores or cavities, narrow channels, or nearby interfaces. Fluid flows through these confined habitats are ubiquitous in both natural and artificial environments colonized by bacteria. Moreover, these flows occur on time and length scales comparable to those associated with motility of bacteria and with the formation and growth of biofilms, which are surface-associated communities that house the vast majority of bacteria to protect them from host and environmental stresses. This review describes the emerging understanding of how flow near surfaces and within channels and pores alters physical processes that control how bacteria disperse, attach to surfaces, and form biofilms. This understanding will inform the development and deployment of technologies for drug delivery, water treatment, and antifouling coatings and guide the structuring of bacterial consortia for production of chemicals and pharmaceuticals.

中文翻译：

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密闭流动：细菌和生物膜的后果和影响。

细菌绝大多数生活在几何受限的栖息地中，这些栖息地的特征是小孔或洞，狭窄的通道或附近的界面。通过这些狭窄生境的流体在细菌定殖的自然和人工环境中无处不在。而且，这些流动发生的时间和长度尺度可与细菌运动以及生物膜的形成和生长相关，而生物膜是与表面相关的群落，其中容纳了绝大多数细菌以保护它们免受宿主和环境压力。这篇评论描述了关于如何在表面附近以及通道和毛孔内流动如何改变控制细菌如何分散，附着到表面以及形成生物膜的物理过程的新认识。