ADHD is associated with an elevated risk of mortality and reduced estimated life expectancy (ELE) by adulthood. Reduced life expectancy is substantially related to the trait of behavioral disinhibition; a correlate of both ADHD and of several dopamine genes related to dopamine signaling and metabolism. We therefore hypothesized that several ADHD risk genes related to dopamine might also be predictive of reduced ELE. Using a longitudinal study of 131 hyperactive children and 71 control cases followed to young adulthood, we examined whether several polymorphisms involving DRD4, DAT1, and DBH were related to ELE. The homozygous 9/9 allele of DAT1 and the heterozygous allele of DBH TaqI were associated with 5- and 2-year reductions, respectively, in total ELE. They did not operate on ELE through any relationships to ADHD specifically or behavioral disinhibition more generally. Instead, they showed links to alcohol use (DBH), reduced education, smoking, and reduced exercise (DAT1) employed in the computation of ELE. We conclude that polymorphisms of two dopamine genes are linked to reductions in ELE independently of their association with ADHD.

中文翻译：

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多动症风险基因涉及多巴胺信号传导和代谢，与多动症儿童和对照儿童的年轻成人随访时预计预期寿命缩短有关。

ADHD 与成年后死亡风险升高和预计预期寿命 (ELE) 降低相关。预期寿命的缩短与行为去抑制的特征密切相关；ADHD 和与多巴胺信号传导和代谢相关的几个多巴胺基因的相关性。因此，我们假设与多巴胺相关的几个 ADHD 风险基因也可能预示着 ELE 的减少。通过对 131 名多动儿童和 71 名成年后的对照病例进行纵向研究，我们检查了涉及 DRD4、DAT1 和 DBH 的几种多态性是否与 ELE 相关。DAT1 的纯合 9/9 等位基因和 DBH TaqI 的杂合等位基因分别与总 ELE 的 5 年和 2 年减少相关。他们并没有通过任何与 ADHD 或更普遍的行为抑制解除的关系来对 ELE 进行手术。相反，他们显示了 ELE 计算中使用的酒精使用 (DBH)、教育程度降低、吸烟和运动量减少 (DAT1) 之间的联系。我们得出的结论是，两个多巴胺基因的多态性与 ELE 的减少有关，而与 ADHD 的关系无关。