The nucleolus is a dynamically changing organelle that is central to a number of important cellular functions. Not only is it important for ribosome biogenesis, but it also reacts to stress by instigating a nucleolar stress response and is further involved in regulating the cell cycle. Several studies report nucleolar dysfunction in Alzheimer’s disease (AD). Studies have reported a decrease in both total nucleolar volume and transcriptional activity of the nucleolar organizing regions. Ribosomes appear to be targeted by oxidation and reduced protein translation has been reported. In addition, several nucleolar proteins are dysregulated and some of these appear to be implicated in classical AD pathology. Some studies also suggest that the nucleolar stress response may be activated in AD, albeit this latter research is rather limited and requires further investigation. The purpose of this review is to draw the connections of all these studies together and signify that there are clear changes in the nucleolus and the ribosomes in AD. The nucleolus is therefore an organelle that requires more attention than previously given in relation to understanding the biological mechanisms underlying the disease.

中文翻译：

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阿尔茨海默病中核仁功能障碍的证据

核仁是一种动态变化的细胞器，对许多重要的细胞功能至关重要。它不仅对核糖体生物发生很重要，而且还通过引发核仁应激反应对应激作出反应，并进一步参与调节细胞周期。几项研究报告了阿尔茨海默病 (AD) 中的核仁功能障碍。研究报告了核仁组织区域的总核仁体积和转录活性的减少。核糖体似乎是氧化的目标，并且已经报道了减少的蛋白质翻译。此外，一些核仁蛋白失调，其中一些似乎与经典 AD 病理学有关。一些研究还表明，核仁应激反应可能在 AD 中被激活，尽管后一项研究相当有限，需要进一步调查。这篇综述的目的是将所有这些研究联系在一起，并表明 AD 中的核仁和核糖体发生了明显的变化。因此，核仁是一种细胞器，在了解疾病的生物学机制方面需要比以前给予更多的关注。