Radiation is an important component of cancer treatment with more than half of all patients receive radiotherapy during their cancer experience. While the impact of radiation on tumour morphology is routinely examined in the pre-clinical and clinical setting, the impact of radiation on the tumour microenvironment and more specifically the inflammatory/immune response is less well characterised. Inflammation is a key contributor to short- and long-term cancer eradication, with significant tumour and normal tissue consequences. Therefore, the role of radiation in modulating the inflammatory response is highly topical given the current wave of targeted and immuno-therapeutic treatments for cancer. This review provides a general overview of how radiation modulates the inflammatory and immune response-(i) how radiation induces the inflammatory/immune system, (ii) the cellular changes that take place, (iii) how radiation dose delivery affects the immune response, and (iv) a discussion on research directions to improve patient survival, reduce side effects, improve quality of life, and reduce financial costs in the immediate future. Harnessing the benefits of radiation on the immune response will enhance its maximal therapeutic benefit and reduce radiation-induced toxicity.

中文翻译：

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癌症中的辐射，炎症和免疫反应。

放射是癌症治疗的重要组成部分，超过一半的患者在经历癌症期间接受放射治疗。尽管在临床前和临床环境中常规检查了放射线对肿瘤形态的影响，但对放射线对肿瘤微环境的影响，尤其是对炎症/免疫反应的影响，其表征尚不充分。炎症是短期和长期根除癌症的关键因素，具有重大的肿瘤和正常组织后果。因此，鉴于当前针对癌症的靶向和免疫治疗方法的最新趋势，辐射在调节炎症反应中的作用已成为热门话题。这篇综述概述了辐射如何调节炎症和免疫反应-（i）辐射如何诱导炎症/免疫系统，（ii）发生的细胞变化，（iii）辐射剂量传递如何影响免疫反应， （iv）讨论在不久的将来改善患者存活率，减少副作用，改善生活质量并降低财务成本的研究方向。利用放射线对免疫应答的益处将增强其最大的治疗益处并降低放射线诱导的毒性。并在不久的将来降低财务成本。利用放射线对免疫应答的益处将增强其最大的治疗益处并降低放射线诱导的毒性。并在不久的将来降低财务成本。利用放射线对免疫应答的益处将增强其最大的治疗益处并降低放射线诱导的毒性。