The Uluzzian techno-complex is commonly considered to be a "transitional industry" mostly on the basis of some inferred characteristics such as a chiefly flake-based production, a small amount of Upper Palaeolithic-like tools and a combination of Middle and Upper Palaeolithic elements both in the toolkit and in the technical systems. Following its discovery, the Uluzzian was identified as the Italian counterpart of the French Châtelperronian and attributed to Neandertals. However, a study issued in 2011 has established the modern character of the two deciduous teeth found in 1964 in the Uluzzian deposit of Grotta del Cavallo, fostering renewed interests to the Uluzzian culture, which real nature is almost unknown to the international scientific community. Here we provide preliminary results of the study on the lithic assemblage from the earliest Uluzzian layer and on backed pieces from the whole Uluzzian sequence of Grotta del Cavallo (Apulia, Italy), the type site of the Uluzzian. Moreover, besides a thorough review on the stratigraphy of Grotta del Cavallo (Supplementary Materials), we provide updated information on the human remains by presenting two unpublished teeth from the reworked deposit of the same cave. We conclude that the early Uluzzians demonstrate original technological behavior and innovations devoid of any features deriving or directly linked with the late Mousterian of Southern Italy. Therefore, the novelty nature of the Uluzzian techno-complex (with respect to the preceding Mousterian) complies with the recent reassessment of the two deciduous teeth from Grotta del Cavallo in suggesting an earliest migration of modern humans in southern Europe around 45,000 years ago.

中文翻译：

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Grotta del Cavallo（普利亚南部意大利）。镜子里的乌鲁木齐人。

通常将Uluzzian技术复合体视为“过渡产业”，主要是基于一些推断的特征，例如主要是片状生产，少量上古石器时代的工具以及中上古器物的组合无论是在工具包还是在技术系统中。发现后，Uluzzian被确认为法国Châperperronian的意大利版本，并归因于尼安德特人。但是，2011年发布的一项研究确定了1964年在格罗塔德尔卡瓦洛（Grotta del Cavallo）的乌鲁兹（Uluzzian）矿床中发现的两颗乳牙的现代特征，引起了对乌鲁兹文化的新兴趣，而这种自然本质是国际科学界几乎未知的。在这里，我们提供了有关最早的Uluzzian层中的石器组合以及来自Grotta del Cavallo（意大利普利亚）的Uluzzian序列（Uluzzian的类型站点）的完整碎片的研究的初步结果。此外，除了对格罗塔·德·卡瓦略（Grotta del Cavallo）（补充材料）的地层学进行详尽的回顾之外，我们还通过展示来自同一洞穴的重做沉积物中的两颗未公开的牙齿，提供有关人类遗体的最新信息。我们得出的结论是，早期的Uluzzian展示了原始的技术行为和创新，没有任何衍生自意大利南部Mousterian或与之相关的特征。因此，