Noble metal nanoparticles (NPs), especially AgNPs and AuNPs, with unique properties, such as ease of operation, economical production, sensitivity, and simplicity of construction, have been widely used as biosensors due to the sensitivity and selectivity of this detection method. However, the efficiency of the NPs used for detection is highly related to the methods and conditions for synthesis and modulation of NPs because their properties are shape- and size-dependent. The mechanisms for sensors that use NPs are mainly dependent on their unique properties in colorimetric, fluorescent, and electrochemical characteristics. The presence of analyte would cause a change of current, potential, capacitance, electrochemical impedance, color, or fluorescence properties of NPs sensors, which provides a specific detection approach by changing the analyte concentration. To achieve an overall understanding of the currently reported studies of NPs used in detecting sensors, this review summarized all previously reported results in this field. AgNPs and AuNPs sensors were also discussed in their applications in food, environmental, and biological fields. Challenges and future opportunities were finally summarized.

中文翻译：

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使用贵金属纳米粒子检测的最新进展。

由于这种检测方法的灵敏性和选择性，具有操作简便，经济生产，灵敏度高和结构简单等独特特性的贵金属纳米颗粒（NPs），尤其是AgNPs和AuNPs被广泛用作生物传感器。但是，用于检测的NP的效率与NP合成和调制的方法和条件高度相关，因为它们的性质取决于形状和大小。使用NP的传感器的机制主要取决于它们在比色，荧光和电化学特性方面的独特特性。分析物的存在会导致NPs传感器的电流，电势，电容，电化学阻抗，颜色或荧光特性发生变化，通过改变分析物浓度提供了一种特定的检测方法。为了全面了解当前报告的用于检测传感器的NP的研究，本综述总结了该领域所有先前报告的结果。还讨论了AgNPs和AuNPs传感器在食品，环境和生物领域中的应用。最后总结了挑战和未来机遇。