The purpose of this review is to provide an overview of uranium speciation using vibrational spectroscopy methods including Raman and IR. Uranium is a naturally occurring, radioactive element that is utilized in the nuclear energy and national security sectors. Fundamental uranium chemistry is also an active area of investigation due to ongoing questions regarding the participation of 5f orbitals in bonding, variation in oxidation states and coordination environments, and unique chemical and physical properties. Importantly, uranium speciation affects fate and transportation in the environment, influences bioavailability and toxicity to human health, controls separation processes for nuclear waste, and impacts isotopic partitioning and geochronological dating. This review article provides a thorough discussion of the vibrational modes for U(IV), U(V), and U(VI) and applications of infrared absorption and Raman scattering spectroscopies in the identification and detection of both naturally occurring and synthetic uranium species in solid and solution states. The vibrational frequencies of the uranyl moiety, including both symmetric and asymmetric stretches are sensitive to the coordinating ligands and used to identify individual species in water, organic solvents, and ionic liquids or on the surface of materials. Additionally, vibrational spectroscopy allows for the in situ detection and real-time monitoring of chemical reactions involving uranium. Finally, techniques to enhance uranium species signals with vibrational modes are discussed to expand the application of vibrational spectroscopy to biological, environmental, inorganic, and materials scientists and engineers.

中文翻译：

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使用振动光谱法检测和鉴定铀的固体、表面和溶液。

本综述的目的是提供使用拉曼和红外等振动光谱方法对铀形态的概述。铀是一种天然存在的放射性元素，用于核能和国家安全领域。由于有关 5f 轨道参与成键、氧化态和配位环境的变化以及独特的化学和物理性质的持续存在的问题，基础铀化学也是一个活跃的研究领域。重要的是，铀形态影响环境中的命运和运输，影响人类健康的生物利用度和毒性，控制核废料的分离过程，并影响同位素分配和地质年代测定。这篇综述文章深入讨论了 U(IV)、U(V) 和 U(VI) 的振动模式，以及红外吸收和拉曼散射光谱在识别和检测天然存在和合成铀物种中的应用。固体和溶液状态。铀酰部分的振动频率（包括对称和不对称拉伸）对配位配体敏感，可用于识别水、有机溶剂和离子液体中或材料表面上的单个物种。此外，振动光谱可以对涉及铀的化学反应进行原位检测和实时监测。最后，讨论了利用振动模式增强铀物种信号的技术，以将振动光谱学的应用扩展到生物、环境、无机和材料科学家和工程师。