ABSTRACT Nutrient concentrations, enzyme activities, viable probiotic counts and organic acid levels of fermented barley (FB) produced by solid state fermentation (SSF) and of its unfermented counterpart (unfermented barley (UFB)) were determined by quantitative methods, and compared with the second derivate spectra analysis (SDSA) of their attenuated total reflectance-Fourier transform infrared measurements. Moreover, in order to test the nutritional value of FB and UFB feeds, 3-d old Japanese quails were fed FB or UFB at 400 g/kg diet for 4 weeks. Chemical analysis indicated that FB had significantly increased crude protein, ether extract and ash contents, associated with lowered fibre and sugar contents, as compared with UFB. IR spectra pattern of FB and UFB samples were similar, but their SDSA parameters, particularly peak areas, differed significantly. The differences between FB and UFB in peak areas were highly correlated with the differences between two feeds in lipid, protein, total fibre, starch and sugar contents (p < 0.05). Furthermore, SDSA analysis found new peak areas only available in FB samples, indicating fortification with new biomolecules due to the effect of SSF. Feeding the FB containing diet for 3 or 4 weeks enhanced growth performance significantly and increased the carcass yield of quails, indicating its nutritional benefits in young growing quails. The results indicated that the further analysis of IR spectra data revealed important information on the chemical and biological properties of feed materials, which are found to be highly correlated with the results of compositional analysis and their biological value in animal model.

中文翻译：

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利用衰减全反射-傅立叶变换红外数据的二阶导数光谱分析预测发酵大麦（Hordeum vulgare L.）的化学、酶学和营养特性及其在日本鹌鹑中的营养价值

摘要 通过定量方法测定固态发酵 (SSF) 产生的发酵大麦 (FB) 及其未发酵大麦 (UFB) 的营养浓度、酶活性、活益生菌计数和有机酸水平，并与未发酵大麦 (UFB) 进行比较。其衰减全反射傅立叶变换红外测量的二阶导数光谱分析 (SDSA)。此外，为了测试 FB 和 UFB 饲料的营养价值，3 日龄日本鹌鹑以 400 g/kg 日粮饲喂 FB 或 UFB 4 周。化学分析表明，与 UFB 相比，FB 显着增加了粗蛋白、醚提取物和灰分含量，与降低的纤维和糖含量有关。FB 和 UFB 样品的红外光谱图相似，​​但它们的 SDSA 参数，特别是峰面积，显着不同。FB 和 UFB 在峰面积上的差异与两种饲料在脂质、蛋白质、总纤维、淀粉和糖含量方面的差异高度相关（p < 0.05）。此外，SDSA 分析发现新峰面积仅在 FB 样品中可用，表明由于 SSF 的影响，新的生物分子得到了强化。饲喂含有 FB 的日粮 3 或 4 周显着提高了生长性能并增加了鹌鹑的胴体产量，表明其对年轻鹌鹑的营养益处。结果表明，红外光谱数据的进一步分析揭示了饲料原料化学和生物学特性的重要信息，这些信息与成分分析结果及其在动物模型中的生物学价值高度相关。FB 和 UFB 在峰面积上的差异与两种饲料在脂质、蛋白质、总纤维、淀粉和糖含量方面的差异高度相关（p < 0.05）。此外，SDSA 分析发现新峰面积仅在 FB 样品中可用，表明由于 SSF 的影响，新的生物分子得到了强化。饲喂含有 FB 的日粮 3 或 4 周显着提高了生长性能并增加了鹌鹑的胴体产量，表明其对年轻鹌鹑的营养益处。结果表明，红外光谱数据的进一步分析揭示了饲料原料化学和生物学特性的重要信息，这些信息与成分分析结果及其在动物模型中的生物学价值高度相关。FB 和 UFB 在峰面积上的差异与两种饲料在脂质、蛋白质、总纤维、淀粉和糖含量方面的差异高度相关（p < 0.05）。此外，SDSA 分析发现新峰面积仅在 FB 样品中可用，表明由于 SSF 的影响，新的生物分子得到了强化。饲喂含有 FB 的日粮 3 或 4 周显着提高了生长性能并增加了鹌鹑的胴体产量，表明其对年轻鹌鹑的营养益处。结果表明，红外光谱数据的进一步分析揭示了饲料原料化学和生物学特性的重要信息，这些信息与成分分析结果及其在动物模型中的生物学价值高度相关。