Doxorubicin-induced nephropathy in mice is a model for studying experimental nephrotic syndrome. It corresponds to puromycin aminonucleoside nephrosis in rats. In this model, susceptible 129 S1/SvImJ mice are administered a rapid intravenous injection that can be accomplished via either the lateral tail vein or the retrobulbar sinus. Because doxorubicin is a highly toxic substance, extravasation must be avoided during the administration of the intravenous injection to prevent the development of large necrotizing lesions and exacerbation of the animals' stress. In the present study, we compared the safety and stress of these two injection routes by using histopathological analyses of the animals' orbital cavities or tails, respectively. The injection of 14.5 µg/g body weight doxorubicin into the mice's lateral tail veins (n = 9) or retrobulbar sinuses (n = 19) caused no clinically detectable stress or impairment. Histopathologies of the specimens five days after doxorubicin injection revealed inflammatory lesions at the injection sites in both groups. In the orbital sinus specimens from the retrobulbar-injected group, fibrosis was evident 25 days after injection. Moreover, while all of the retrobulbar-injected mice (100%) developed nephrotic syndrome, tail vein-injected mice had a significantly lower response rate (66%, p = 0.047, Fisher's exact test) and exhibited only attenuated features of nephrotic syndrome. It was therefore concluded that doxorubicin administration via either lateral tail vein or retrobulbar sinus injections led to a similar induction of histopathological changes with no effects on the clinical well-being of the mice. However, retrobulbar sinus injections were more efficient for inducing experimental nephrotic syndrome.

中文翻译：

---

球后窦注射阿霉素比诱导小鼠实验性肾病综合征的侧尾静脉注射更有效：一项初步研究。

阿霉素诱导的小鼠肾病是研究实验性肾病综合征的模型。它对应于大鼠嘌呤霉素氨基核苷酸肾病。在该模型中，对易感的129只S1 / SvImJ小鼠进行了快速静脉注射，可以通过侧尾静脉或球后窦来完成。由于阿霉素是一种剧毒物质，因此在静脉注射给药期间必须避免外渗，以防止大的坏死性病变的发展和加剧动物的压力。在本研究中，我们分别通过对动物的眶腔或尾巴进行组织病理学分析，比较了这两种注射途径的安全性和压力。向小鼠体内注射14.5 µg / g体重的阿霉素 侧尾静脉（n = 9）或球后鼻窦（n = 19）未引起临床上可检测到的压力或损害。注射阿霉素五天后的标本的组织病理学显示两组的注射部位都有炎性病变。在球后注射组的眶窦标本中，注射后25天明显出现纤维化。此外，尽管所有注射后球的小鼠（100％）都患有肾病综合征，但注射尾静脉的小鼠的应答率明显较低（66％，p = 0.047，Fisher精确检验），并且仅表现出肾病综合征的减弱特征。因此得出的结论是，通过侧尾静脉注射或球后窦注射阿霉素可导致类似的组织病理学改变，而对小鼠的临床健康无影响。