Curcumin is a naturally occurring polyphenolic compound present in rhizome of Curcuma longa belonging to the family zingiberaceae. Growing experimental evidence revealed that curcumin exhibit multitarget biological implications signifying its crucial role in health and disease. The current review highlights the recent progress and mechanisms underlying the wide range of pharmacological effects of curcumin against numerous diseases like neuronal, cardiovascular, metabolic, kidney, endocrine, skin, respiratory, infectious, gastrointestinal diseases and cancer. The ability of curcumin to modulate the functions of multiple signal transductions are linked with attenuation of acute and chronic diseases. Numerous preclinical and clinical studies have revealed that curcumin modulates several molecules in cell signal transduction pathway including PI3K, Akt, mTOR, ERK5, AP-1, TGF-β, Wnt, β-catenin, Shh, PAK1, Rac1, STAT3, PPARγ, EBPα, NLRP3 inflammasome, p38MAPK, Nrf2, Notch-1, AMPK, TLR-4 and MyD-88. Curcumin has a potential to prevent and/or manage various diseases due to its anti-inflammatory, anti-oxidant and anti-apoptotic properties with an excellent safety profile. In contrast, the anti-cancer effects of curcumin are reflected due to induction of growth arrest and apoptosis in various premalignant and malignant cells. This review also carefully emphasized the pharmacokinetics of curcumin and its interaction with other drugs. Clinical studies have shown that curcumin is safe at the doses of 12 g/day but exhibits poor systemic bioavailability. The use of adjuvant like piperine, liposomal curcumin, curcumin nanoparticles and curcumin phospholipid complex has shown enhanced bioavailability and therapeutic potential. Further studies are warranted to prove the potential of curcumin against various ailments.

中文翻译：

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姜黄素预防和治疗疾病的细胞和分子机制。

姜黄素是存在于姜黄科的姜黄根茎中的天然存在的多酚化合物。越来越多的实验证据表明姜黄素具有多目标生物学意义，表明其在健康和疾病中的关键作用。本综述着重介绍姜黄素针对多种疾病（如神经元，心血管，代谢，肾脏，内分泌，皮肤，呼吸道，传染性，胃肠道疾病和癌症）的广泛药理作用的最新进展和机制。姜黄素调节多种信号转导功能的能力与急性和慢性疾病的减弱有关。大量的临床前和临床研究表明，姜黄素可调节细胞信号传导途径中的几个分子，包括PI3K，Akt，mTOR，ERK5，AP-1，TGF-β，Wnt，β-catenin，Shh，PAK1，Rac1，STAT3，PPARγ，EBPα，NLRP3炎性小体，p38MAPK，Nrf2，Notch-1，AMPK，TLR-4和MyD -88。姜黄素具有抗炎，抗氧化和抗凋亡的特性，具有出色的安全性，因此具有预防和/或控制各种疾病的潜力。相反，姜黄素的抗癌作用由于在各种恶性前和恶性细胞中诱导生长停滞和凋亡而得以反映。这篇综述还仔细强调了姜黄素的药代动力学及其与其他药物的相互作用。临床研究表明，姜黄素在12 g /天的剂量下是安全的，但表现出较差的全身生物利用度。使用胡椒碱，脂质体姜黄素等佐剂 姜黄素纳米颗粒和姜黄素磷脂复合物已显示出更高的生物利用度和治疗潜力。有必要进行进一步的研究以证明姜黄素对各种疾病的潜力。