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Modeling observations of solar coronal mass ejections with heliospheric imagers verified with the Heliophysics System Observatory.
Space Weather ( IF 4.288 ) Pub Date : 2017-07-29 , DOI: 10.1002/2017sw001614
C Möstl 1, 2 , A Isavnin 3 , P D Boakes 1, 2 , E K J Kilpua 3 , J A Davies 4 , R A Harrison 4 , D Barnes 4, 5 , V Krupar 6 , J P Eastwood 7 , S W Good 7 , R J Forsyth 7 , V Bothmer 8 , M A Reiss 2 , T Amerstorfer 1 , R M Winslow 9 , B J Anderson 10 , L C Philpott 11 , L Rodriguez 12 , A P Rouillard 13, 14 , P Gallagher 15 , T Nieves-Chinchilla 16 , T L Zhang 1
Affiliation  

We present an advance toward accurately predicting the arrivals of coronal mass ejections (CMEs) at the terrestrial planets, including Earth. For the first time, we are able to assess a CME prediction model using data over two thirds of a solar cycle of observations with the Heliophysics System Observatory. We validate modeling results of 1337 CMEs observed with the Solar Terrestrial Relations Observatory (STEREO) heliospheric imagers (HI) (science data) from 8 years of observations by five in situ observing spacecraft. We use the self‐similar expansion model for CME fronts assuming 60° longitudinal width, constant speed, and constant propagation direction. With these assumptions we find that 23%–35% of all CMEs that were predicted to hit a certain spacecraft lead to clear in situ signatures, so that for one correct prediction, two to three false alarms would have been issued. In addition, we find that the prediction accuracy does not degrade with the HI longitudinal separation from Earth. Predicted arrival times are on average within 2.6 ± 16.6 h difference of the in situ arrival time, similar to analytical and numerical modeling, and a true skill statistic of 0.21. We also discuss various factors that may improve the accuracy of space weather forecasting using wide‐angle heliospheric imager observations. These results form a first‐order approximated baseline of the prediction accuracy that is possible with HI and other methods used for data by an operational space weather mission at the Sun‐Earth L5 point.

中文翻译:

由日光物理学系统天文台验证的日光层成像仪对太阳日冕物质抛射的模拟观测。

我们提出了在准确预测日冕物质抛射(CME)到达包括地球在内的地球行星方面的进展。我们首次能够使用太阳物理系统天文台利用太阳太阳观测周期三分之二的数据评估CME预测模型。我们验证了使用5颗原位观测飞船进行的8年观测,利用太阳陆地关系天文台(STEREO)日球成像仪(HI)(科学数据)观测到的1337个CME的建模结果。我们对CME前沿使用自相似扩展模型,假设纵向宽度为60°,速度恒定,传播方向恒定。根据这些假设,我们发现,预计会撞向特定航天器的所有CME中有23%–35%会导致清晰的原位标记,因此对于一个正确的预测,将发出两到三个错误警报。此外,我们发现随着HI与地球的纵向分离,预测精度不会降低。预测的到达时间平均为原位到达时间的2.​​6±16.6 h之内,类似于分析和数值模型,真实技能统计为0.21。我们还将讨论各种因素,这些因素可能会提高使用广角日球成像仪观测值进行空间天气预报的准确性。这些结果形成了HI和其他方法的预测精度的一阶近似基线,而HI和其他方法可用于在日地L5点进行的太空气象任务。预测的到达时间平均为原位到达时间的2.​​6±16.6 h之内,类似于分析和数值模型,真实技能统计为0.21。我们还将讨论各种因素,这些因素可能会提高使用广角日球成像仪观测值进行空间天气预报的准确性。这些结果形成了HI和其他方法的预测精度的一阶近似基线,而HI和其他方法可用于在日地L5点进行的太空气象任务。预测的到达时间平均为原位到达时间的2.​​6±16.6 h之内,类似于分析和数值模型,真实技能统计为0.21。我们还将讨论各种因素,这些因素可能会提高使用广角日球成像仪观测值进行空间天气预报的准确性。这些结果形成了HI和其他方法的预测精度的一阶近似基线,而HI和其他方法可用于在日地L5点进行的太空气象任务。
更新日期:2017-07-29
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