Recent genome-wide studies of malignancies of the central nervous system (CNS) have revolutionized our understanding of the biology of these tumors. This newly gained knowledge provides a wealth of opportunity for biomarker-driven clinical research. To date, however, only few of the available molecular markers truly influence clinical decision-making and treatment. The most widely validated markers in neuro-oncology presently are: (i) MGMT promoter methylation as a prognostic and predictive marker in glioblastoma; (ii) codeletion of 1p and 19q differentiating oligodendrogliomas from astrocytomas; (iii) IDH1/2 mutations; and (iv) select pathway-associated mutations. This article focuses on currently impactful biomarkers in adult and pediatric brain cancers and it provides a perspective on the direction of research in this field.

最近对中枢神经系统（CNS）恶性肿瘤进行的全基因组研究彻底改变了我们对这些肿瘤生物学的认识。这些新获得的知识为生物标记物驱动的临床研究提供了大量机会。然而，迄今为止，只有极少数可用的分子标记真正影响临床决策和治疗。目前在神经肿瘤学中最广泛验证的标志是：（i）MGMT启动子甲基化作为胶质母细胞瘤的预后和预测标志；（ii）从星形细胞瘤中区分出1p和19q的少突胶质细胞瘤的代码缺失；（iii）IDH1 / 2突变 （iv）选择与途径相关的突变。本文重点关注目前在成人和小儿脑癌中具有影响力的生物标志物，并为该领域的研究方向提供了一个视角。