Brains systems undergo unique and specific dynamic changes at the cellular, circuit, and systems level that underlie the transition to adult-level cognitive control. We integrate literature from these different levels of analyses to propose a novel model of the brain basis of the development of cognitive control. The ability to consistently exert cognitive control improves into adulthood as the flexible integration of component processes, including inhibitory control, performance monitoring, and working memory, increases. Unique maturational changes in brain structure, supported by interactions between dopaminergic and GABAergic systems, contribute to enhanced network synchronization and an improved signal-to-noise ratio. In turn, these factors facilitate the specialization and strengthening of connectivity in networks supporting the transition to adult levels of cognitive control. This model provides a novel understanding of the adolescent period as an adaptive period of heightened experience-seeking necessary for the specialization of brain systems supporting cognitive control.

中文翻译：

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认知控制成熟度的集成模型。

大脑系统在细胞，电路和系统级别经历独特和特定的动态变化，这是向成人级别认知控制过渡的基础。我们整合来自这些不同层次分析的文献，以提出认知控制发展的新型大脑基础模型。随着组成过程（包括抑制控制，绩效监控和工作记忆）的灵活集成，持续进行认知控制的能力提高到成年。多巴胺能和GABA能系统之间的相互作用支持大脑结构的独特成熟变化，有助于增强网络同步性并改善信噪比。反过来，这些因素有助于网络的专业化和增强连接性，从而支持向成人认知控制水平的过渡。该模型提供了对青春期的新颖理解，这是适应性学习期的增加，这是支持认知控制的大脑系统专业化所必需的。