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The Gist of Delay of Gratification: Understanding and Predicting Problem Behaviors
Journal of Behavioral Decision Making ( IF 2.508 ) Pub Date : 2016-08-10 , DOI: 10.1002/bdm.1977
Valerie F Reyna 1 , Evan A Wilhelms 2
Affiliation  

Delay of gratification captures elements of temptation and self-denial that characterize real-life problems with money and other problem behaviors such as unhealthy risk taking. According to fuzzy-trace theory, decision makers mentally represent social values such as delay of gratification in a coarse but meaningful form of memory called "gist." Applying this theory, we developed a gist measure of delay of gratification that does not involve quantitative trade-offs (as delay discounting does) and hypothesize that this construct explains unique variance beyond sensation seeking and inhibition in accounting for problem behaviors. Across four studies, we examine this Delay-of-gratification Gist Scale by using principal components analyses and evaluating convergent and divergent validity with other potentially related scales such as Future Orientation, Propensity to Plan, Time Perspectives Inventory, Spendthrift-Tightwad, Sensation Seeking, Cognitive Reflection, Barratt Impulsiveness, and the Monetary Choice Questionnaire (delay discounting). The new 12-item measure captured a single dimension of delay of gratification, correlated as predicted with other scales, but accounted for unique variance in predicting such outcomes as overdrawing bank accounts, substance abuse, and overall subjective well-being. Results support a theoretical distinction between reward-related approach motivation, including sensation seeking, and inhibitory faculties, including cognitive reflection. However, individuals' agreement with the qualitative gist of delay of gratification, as expressed in many cultural traditions, could not be reduced to such dualist distinctions nor to quantitative conceptions of delay discounting, shedding light on mechanisms of self-control and risk taking.

中文翻译:

延迟满足的要点:理解和预测问题行为

延迟满足捕捉了诱惑和自我否定的元素,这些元素是现实生活中金钱问题和其他问题行为(如不健康的冒险行为)的特征。根据模糊轨迹理论,决策者在心理上代表社会价值观,例如在一种称为“要点”的粗略但有意义的记忆形式中延迟满足。应用这一理论,我们开发了一种不涉及定量权衡(如延迟贴现)的延迟满足的主要措施,并假设该构造解释了超越感觉寻求和抑制问题行为的独特方差。在四项研究中,我们通过使用主成分分析和评估收敛和发散有效性与其他潜在相关的量表(例如未来取向、计划倾向、时间观点清单、Spendthrift-Tightwad、感觉寻求、认知反思、Barratt)来检查这个延迟满足 Gist 量表冲动性和货币选择问卷(延迟贴现)。新的 12 项测量捕获了延迟满足的单一维度,与其他量表预测的相关联,但在预测诸如透支银行账户、药物滥用和整体主观幸福感等结果方面具有独特的差异。结果支持与奖励相关的方法动机(包括感觉寻求)和抑制功能(包括认知反思)之间的理论区别。然而,
更新日期:2016-08-10
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