Over the past two decades, research examining the impact of self-reported experiences of discrimination on mental and physical health has increased dramatically. Studies have found consistent associations between exposure to discrimination and a wide range of Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM)-diagnosed mental disorders as well as objective physical health outcomes. Associations are seen in cross-sectional as well as longitudinal studies and persist even after adjustment for confounding variables, including personality characteristics and other threats to validity. However, controversies remain, particularly around the best approach to measuring experiences of discrimination, the significance of racial/ethnic discrimination versus overall mistreatment, the need to account for "intersectionalities," and the importance of comprehensive assessments. These issues are discussed in detail, along with emerging areas of emphasis including cyber discrimination, anticipatory stress or vigilance around discrimination, and interventions with potential to reduce the negative effects of discrimination on health. We also discuss priorities for future research and implications for interventions and policy.

中文翻译：

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自我报告的歧视和健康经历：科学进步，持续的争议和新出现的问题。

在过去的二十年中，研究自我报告的歧视经历对身心健康影响的研究急剧增加。研究发现，暴露于歧视与广泛的《精神疾病诊断和统计手册》（DSM）诊断的精神疾病以及客观的身体健康结果之间有着一致的关联。在横断面研究和纵向研究中都发现关联，即使在调整了混杂变量（包括人格特征和其他对有效性的威胁）后，这种关联仍然存在。但是，仍有争议，尤其是围绕衡量歧视经历的最佳方法，种族/族裔歧视与整体虐待的重要性，考虑“交叉性”的必要性，以及全面评估的重要性。对这些问题进行了详细讨论，同时重点讨论了新兴领域，包括网络歧视，对歧视的预期压力或保持警惕，以及有可能减少歧视对健康的负面影响的干预措施。我们还将讨论未来研究的重点以及对干预措施和政策的影响。