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Systematic survey of plant LTR-retrotransposons elucidates phylogenetic relationships of their polyprotein domains and provides a reference for element classification.
Mobile DNA ( IF 4.9 ) Pub Date : 2019-01-03 , DOI: 10.1186/s13100-018-0144-1
Pavel Neumann 1 , Petr Novák 1 , Nina Hoštáková 1 , Jiří Macas 1
Affiliation  

BACKGROUND Plant LTR-retrotransposons are classified into two superfamilies, Ty1/copia and Ty3/gypsy. They are further divided into an enormous number of families which are, due to the high diversity of their nucleotide sequences, usually specific to a single or a group of closely related species. Previous attempts to group these families into broader categories reflecting their phylogenetic relationships were limited either to analyzing a narrow range of plant species or to analyzing a small numbers of elements. Furthermore, there is no reference database that allows for similarity based classification of LTR-retrotransposons. RESULTS We have assembled a database of retrotransposon encoded polyprotein domains sequences extracted from 5410 Ty1/copia elements and 8453 Ty3/gypsy elements sampled from 80 species representing major groups of green plants (Viridiplantae). Phylogenetic analysis of the three most conserved polyprotein domains (RT, RH and INT) led to dividing Ty1/copia and Ty3/gypsy retrotransposons into 16 and 14 lineages respectively. We also characterized various features of LTR-retrotransposon sequences including additional polyprotein domains, extra open reading frames and primer binding sites, and found that the occurrence and/or type of these features correlates with phylogenies inferred from the three protein domains. CONCLUSIONS We have established an improved classification system applicable to LTR-retrotransposons from a wide range of plant species. This system reflects phylogenetic relationships as well as distinct sequence and structural features of the elements. A comprehensive database of retrotransposon protein domains (REXdb) that reflects this classification provides a reference for efficient and unified annotation of LTR-retrotransposons in plant genomes. Access to REXdb related tools is implemented in the RepeatExplorer web server (https://repeatexplorer-elixir.cerit-sc.cz/) or using a standalone version of REXdb that can be downloaded seaparately from RepeatExplorer web page (http://repeatexplorer.org/).

中文翻译:

植物LTR-反转录转座子的系统调查阐明了其多蛋白结构域的系统发育关系,并为元素分类提供了参考。

背景植物LTR-反转录转座子分为两个超家族,Ty1/copia和Ty3/gypsy。它们进一步分为大量的科,由于其核苷酸序列的高度多样性,它们通常特定于单个或一组密切相关的物种。以前将这些家族分为反映其系统发育关系的更广泛类别的尝试仅限于分析狭窄范围的植物物种或分析少量元素。此外,没有参考数据库允许基于相似性的 LTR 逆转录转座子分类。结果 我们已经建立了一个反转录转座子编码的多蛋白结构域序列数据库,该序列从代表主要绿色植物(Viridiplantae)的 80 个物种中提取的 5410 个 Ty1/copia 元素和 8453 个 Ty3/gypsy 元素中提取。三个最保守的多蛋白结构域(RT、RH 和 INT)的系统发育分析导致 Ty1/copia 和 Ty3/gypsy 反转录转座子分别分为 16 和 14 个谱系。我们还表征了 LTR 逆转录转座子序列的各种特征,包括额外的多蛋白结构域、额外的开放阅读框和引物结合位点,并发现这些特征的出现和/或类型与从三个蛋白质结构域推断的系统发育相关。结论 我们已经建立了一个改进的分类系统,适用于来自多种植物物种的 LTR 反转录转座子。该系统反映了系统发育关系以及元素的不同序列和结构特征。反映该分类的反转录转座子蛋白结构域 (REXdb) 综合数据库为植物基因组中 LTR 反转录转座子的有效和统一注释提供了参考。对 REXdb 相关工具的访问是在 RepeatExplorer Web 服务器 (https://repeatexplorer-elixir.cerit-sc.cz/) 中实现的,或者使用可以从 RepeatExplorer 网页 (http://repeatexplorer) 单独下载的独立版本的 REXdb .org/)。反映该分类的反转录转座子蛋白结构域 (REXdb) 综合数据库为植物基因组中 LTR 反转录转座子的有效和统一注释提供了参考。对 REXdb 相关工具的访问是在 RepeatExplorer Web 服务器 (https://repeatexplorer-elixir.cerit-sc.cz/) 中实现的,或者使用可以从 RepeatExplorer 网页 (http://repeatexplorer) 单独下载的独立版本的 REXdb .org/)。反映该分类的反转录转座子蛋白结构域 (REXdb) 综合数据库为植物基因组中 LTR 反转录转座子的有效和统一注释提供了参考。对 REXdb 相关工具的访问是在 RepeatExplorer Web 服务器 (https://repeatexplorer-elixir.cerit-sc.cz/) 中实现的,或者使用可以从 RepeatExplorer 网页 (http://repeatexplorer) 单独下载的独立版本的 REXdb .org/)。
更新日期:2019-11-01
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