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Relating traditional and academic ecological knowledge: mechanistic and holistic epistemologies across cultures
Biology & Philosophy ( IF 2.5 ) Pub Date : 2018-11-22 , DOI: 10.1007/s10539-018-9655-x
David Ludwig 1 , Luana Poliseli 2
Affiliation  

Current debates about the integration of traditional and academic ecological knowledge (TEK and AEK) struggle with a dilemma of division and assimilation. On the one hand, the emphasis on differences between traditional and academic perspectives has been criticized as creating an artificial divide that brands TEK as “non-scientific” and contributes to its marginalization. On the other hand, there has been increased concern about inadequate assimilation of Indigenous and other traditional perspectives into scientific practices that disregards the holistic nature and values of TEK. The aim of this article is to develop a practice-based account of the epistemic relations between TEK and AEK that avoids both horns of the dilemma. While relations between TEK and AEK are often described in terms of the “holistic” nature of the former and the “mechanistic” character of the latter, we argue that a simple holism–mechanism divide misrepresents the epistemic resources of both TEK and AEK. Based on the literature on mechanistic explanations in philosophy of science, we argue that holders of TEK are perfectly capable of identifying mechanisms that underlie ecological phenomena while AEK often relies on non-mechanistic strategies of dealing with ecological complexity. Instead of generic characterizations of knowledge systems as either mechanistic or holistic, we propose to approach epistemic relations between knowledge systems by analyzing their (partly mechanistic and partly holistic) heuristics in practice.

中文翻译:

将传统和学术生态知识联系起来:跨文化的机械和整体认识论

当前关于传统生态知识和学术生态知识(TEK 和 AEK)整合的争论在分裂和同化的困境中挣扎。一方面,强调传统观点和学术观点之间的差异被批评为造成人为鸿沟,将 TEK 标记为“非科学”并导致其边缘化。另一方面,人们越来越担心将土著和其他传统观点不充分地融入科学实践中,而忽视了 TEK 的整体性质和价值。本文的目的是对 TEK 和 AEK 之间的认知关系进行基于实践的解释,以避免两难困境。虽然 TEK 和 AEK 之间的关系经常被描述为前者的“整体”性质和后者的“机械”特征,但我们认为,简单的整体-机制分歧歪曲了 TEK 和 AEK 的认知资源。基于科学哲学中关于机械解释的文献,我们认为 TEK 的持有者完全有能力识别生态现象背后的机制,而 AEK 通常依赖于处理生态复杂性的非机械策略。我们建议通过在实践中分析知识系统(部分机械和部分整体)启发式方法来处理知识系统之间的认知关系,而不是将知识系统的一般特征描述为机械的或整体的。我们认为,简单的整体论-机制分歧歪曲了 TEK 和 AEK 的认知资源。基于科学哲学中关于机械解释的文献,我们认为 TEK 的持有者完全有能力识别生态现象背后的机制,而 AEK 通常依赖于处理生态复杂性的非机械策略。我们建议通过在实践中分析知识系统(部分机械和部分整体)启发式方法来处理知识系统之间的认知关系,而不是将知识系统的一般特征描述为机械的或整体的。我们认为,简单的整体论-机制分歧歪曲了 TEK 和 AEK 的认知资源。基于科学哲学中关于机械解释的文献,我们认为 TEK 的持有者完全有能力识别生态现象背后的机制,而 AEK 通常依赖于处理生态复杂性的非机械策略。我们建议通过在实践中分析知识系统(部分机械和部分整体)启发式方法来处理知识系统之间的认知关系,而不是将知识系统的一般特征描述为机械的或整体的。我们认为 TEK 的持有者完全有能力识别生态现象背后的机制,而 AEK 通常依赖于处理生态复杂性的非机械策略。我们建议通过在实践中分析知识系统(部分机械和部分整体)启发式方法来处理知识系统之间的认知关系,而不是将知识系统的一般特征描述为机械的或整体的。我们认为 TEK 的持有者完全有能力识别生态现象背后的机制,而 AEK 通常依赖于处理生态复杂性的非机械策略。我们建议通过在实践中分析知识系统(部分机械和部分整体)启发式方法来处理知识系统之间的认知关系,而不是将知识系统的一般特征描述为机械的或整体的。
更新日期:2018-11-22
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