The aim of this article is to identify the strongest evolutionary debunking argument (EDA) against moral realism and to assess on which empirical assumptions it relies. In the recent metaethical literature, several authors have de-emphasized the evolutionary component of EDAs against moral realism: presumably, the success or failure of these arguments is largely orthogonal to empirical issues. I argue that this claim is mistaken. First, I point out that Sharon Street’s and Michael Ruse’s EDAs both involve substantive claims about the evolution of our moral judgments. Next, I argue that combining their respective evolutionary claims can help debunkers to make the best empirical case against moral realism. Some realists have argued that the very attempt to explain the contents of our endorsed moral judgments in evolutionary terms is misguided, and have sought to escape EDAs by denying their evolutionary premise. But realists who pursue this reply can still be challenged on empirical grounds: debunkers may argue that the best, scientifically informed historical explanations of our moral endorsements do not involve an appeal to mind-independent truths. I conclude, therefore, that the empirical considerations relevant for the strongest empirically driven argument against moral realism go beyond the strictly evolutionary realm; debunkers are best advised to draw upon other sources of genealogical knowledge as well.

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反对道德现实主义的进化论点：为什么经验细节很重要（以及哪些重要）

本文的目的是确定反对道德现实主义的最强进化揭穿论证 (EDA)，并评估它所依赖的经验假设。在最近的元伦理学文献中，几位作者不再强调 EDA 的进化成分来反对道德现实主义：据推测，这些论点的成功或失败在很大程度上与经验问题无关。我认为这种说法是错误的。首先，我要指出，Sharon Street 和 Michael Ruse 的 EDA 都涉及关于我们道德判断演变的实质性主张。接下来，我认为结合他们各自的进化论主张可以帮助揭穿者提出反对道德现实主义的最佳实证案例。一些现实主义者认为，试图用进化的术语解释我们认可的道德判断的内容是错误的，并试图通过否认其进化前提来逃避 EDA。但是追求这一回答的现实主义者仍然可以根据经验受到挑战：揭穿者可能会争辩说，对我们的道德认可的最好的、有科学依据的历史解释并不涉及诉诸于独立于思想的真理。因此，我得出的结论是，与反对道德现实主义的最强烈的经验驱动论点相关的经验考虑超出了严格的进化领域。最好建议揭穿者也借鉴其他系谱知识来源。对我们的道德认可的科学依据的历史解释不涉及诉诸独立于思想的真理。因此，我得出的结论是，与反对道德现实主义的最强烈的经验驱动论点相关的经验考虑超出了严格的进化领域。最好建议揭穿者也借鉴其他系谱知识来源。对我们的道德认可的科学依据的历史解释不涉及诉诸独立于思想的真理。因此，我得出的结论是，与反对道德现实主义的最强烈的经验驱动论点相关的经验考虑超出了严格的进化领域。最好建议揭穿者也借鉴其他系谱知识来源。