The current demands of sustainable green methodologies have increased the use of enzymatic technology in industrial processes. Employment of enzyme as biocatalysts offers the benefits of mild reaction conditions, biodegradability and catalytic efficiency. The harsh conditions of industrial processes, however, increase propensity of enzyme destabilization, shortening their industrial lifespan. Consequently, the technology of enzyme immobilization provides an effective means to circumvent these concerns by enhancing enzyme catalytic properties and also simplify downstream processing and improve operational stability. There are several techniques used to immobilize the enzymes onto supports which range from reversible physical adsorption and ionic linkages, to the irreversible stable covalent bonds. Such techniques produce immobilized enzymes of varying stability due to changes in the surface microenvironment and degree of multipoint attachment. Hence, it is mandatory to obtain information about the structure of the enzyme protein following interaction with the support surface as well as interactions of the enzymes with other proteins. Characterization technologies at the nanoscale level to study enzymes immobilized on surfaces are crucial to obtain valuable qualitative and quantitative information, including morphological visualization of the immobilized enzymes. These technologies are pertinent to assess efficacy of an immobilization technique and development of future enzyme immobilization strategies.

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酶固定化技术及固定化酶表面分析技术概述

当前对可持续绿色方法的需求增加了酶技术在工业过程中的使用。使用酶作为生物催化剂具有反应条件温和、生物降解性和催化效率高等优点。然而，工业过程的恶劣条件增加了酶不稳定的倾向，缩短了其工业寿命。因此，酶固定化技术提供了一种有效的方法来通过增强酶的催化性能来规避这些问题，并简化下游处理并提高操作稳定性。有多种技术可用于将酶固定在载体上，从可逆的物理吸附和离子键到不可逆的稳定共价键。由于表面微环境和多点附着程度的变化，此类技术产生不同稳定性的固定化酶。因此，必须获得有关酶蛋白与支持表面相互作用以及酶与其他蛋白质相互作用后的结构的信息。用于研究表面固定化酶的纳米级表征技术对于获得有价值的定性和定量信息（包括固定化酶的形态可视化）至关重要。这些技术与评估固定化技术的功效和未来酶固定化策略的开发相关。