Obesity has been characterized as a disease. Strategies to change the incidence and prevalence of this disease include a focus on changing physical and social environments, over and above individual-level strategies, using a multilevel or systems approach. We focus our attention on evidence published between 2008 and 2013 on the effectiveness of interventions in nutrition environments, i.e., environmental interventions designed to influence the intake of healthful foods and amount of energy consumed. An overarching socioecological framework that has guided much of this research was used to characterize different types of environmental strategies. Intervention examples in each area of the framework are provided with a discussion of key findings and related conceptual and methodological issues. The emphasis in this review is on adults, but clearly this literature is only one part of the picture. Much research has been focused on child-specific interventions, including environmental interventions. Some evidence suggests effectiveness of policy-based or other types of interventions that aim to regulate or restructure environments to promote healthy dietary choices, and these strategies would apply to both children and adults. Opportunities to evaluate these policy changes in adults' social and physical environments are rare. Much of the existing research has been with children. As conceptual and methodological issues continue to be identified and resolved, we hope that future research in this domain will identify environmental strategies that can be included in intervention toolboxes to build healthy nutrition environments for both adults and children.

中文翻译：

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确定环境和政策变化干预措施对健康饮食的影响。

肥胖已被定性为疾病。改变这种疾病的发病率和患病率的策略包括通过多层次或多系统的方法，着重于改变个人和社会战略之上的物理和社会环境。我们将注意力集中在2008年至2013年间发表的有关营养环境干预措施有效性的证据上，即旨在影响健康食品摄入量和能量消耗量的环境干预措施。指导了许多研究工作的总体社会生态学框架被用来表征不同类型的环境策略。框架的每个领域的干预示例都提供了对关键发现以及相关概念和方法问题的讨论。这篇评论的重点是成年人，但显然，这些文献只是图片的一部分。许多研究集中于针对儿童的干预措施，包括环境干预措施。一些证据表明，旨在调节或调整环境以促进健康饮食选择的基于政策或其他类型干预措施的有效性，这些策略将适用于儿童和成人。在成年人的社会和自然环境中评估这些政策变化的机会很少。现有的许多研究都是针对儿童的。随着概念和方法论问题的继续被发现和解决，我们希望这一领域的未来研究将确定可纳入干预工具箱的环境策略，以为成人和儿童建立健康的营养环境。