Obesity is a growing epidemic in the United States. Walkable neighborhoods, characterized as having the three Ds of walkability (population Density, land use Diversity, and pedestrian-friendly Design), have been identified as a potentially promising factor to prevent obesity for residents. Past studies examining the relationship between obesity and walkability vary in geographic scales of neighborhood definitions and methods of measuring the three Ds. To better understand potential influences of these sometimes arbitrary choices, we test how four types of alternative measures of land use diversity measured at three geographic scales relate to body mass index for 4,960 Salt Lake County adults. Generalized estimation equation models demonstrate that optimal diversity measures differed by gender and geographic scale and that integrating walkability measures at different scales improved the overall performance of models.

中文翻译：

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混合土地利用和肥胖：替代土地利用措施和地理尺度的实证比较

肥胖在美国是一种日益严重的流行病。步行社区的特点是具有步行适宜性的三个 D（人口密度、土地利用多样性和行人友好型设计），已被认为是预防居民肥胖的潜在有希望的因素。过去研究肥胖与步行能力之间关系的研究在社区定义的地理范围和测量三个 D 的方法方面有所不同。为了更好地了解这些有时任意选择的潜在影响，我们测试了在三个地理尺度上测量的四种土地利用多样性替代指标与 4,960 名盐湖县成年人的体重指数的关系。广义估计方程模型表明，最佳多样性度量因性别和地理尺度而异，并且整合不同尺度的步行性度量可提高模型的整体性能。