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A review of the phytochemical support for the shifting defence hypothesis.
Phytochemistry Reviews ( IF 7.7 ) Pub Date : 2010-09-01 , DOI: 10.1007/s11101-010-9195-8
Leonie J Doorduin 1 , Klaas Vrieling
Affiliation  

Several theories have been developed to explain why invasive species are very successful and develop into pest species in their new area. The shifting defence hypothesis (SDH) argues that invasive plant species quickly evolve towards new defence levels in the invaded area because they lack their specialist herbivores but are still under attack by local (new) generalist herbivores. The SDH predicts that plants should increase their cheap, toxic defence compounds and lower their expensive digestibility reducing compounds. As a net result resources are saved that can be allocated to growth and reproduction giving these plants a competitive edge over the local plant species. We conducted a literature study to test whether toxic defence compounds in general are increased in the invaded area and if digestibility reducing compounds are lowered. We specifically studied the levels of pyrrolizidine alkaloids, a toxin which is known for its beneficial and detrimental impact against specialists and generalists, respectively. Digestibility reducers did not show a clear trend which might be due to the small number of studies and traits measured. The meta analysis showed that toxic compounds in general and pyrrolizidine alkaloid levels specifically, increased significantly in the invaded area, supporting the predictions of the SDH that a fast evolution takes place in the allocation towards defence.

中文翻译:

对转移防御假说的植物化学支持的回顾。

已经开发了几种理论来解释为什么入侵物种非常成功并在其新区域发展成为害虫物种。转移防御假说 (SDH) 认为,入侵植物物种在入侵区域迅速朝着新的防御水平进化,因为它们缺乏专门的食草动物,但仍受到当地(新的)多面食草动物的攻击。SDH 预测植物应该增加其廉价、有毒的防御化合物,并降低其昂贵的降低消化率的化合物。最终结果是节省了可分配给生长和繁殖的资源,使这些植物比当地植物物种更具竞争优势。我们进行了一项文献研究,以测试有毒防御化合物在入侵区域是否普遍增加,以及降低消化率的化合物是否降低。我们专门研究了吡咯里西啶生物碱的水平,这种毒素以其对专家和通才的有益和有害影响而闻名。消化率降低剂没有显示出明显的趋势,这可能是由于研究和测量的性状数量较少。荟萃分析表明,一般有毒化合物和特别是吡咯里西啶生物碱水平在入侵区域显着增加,支持 SDH 的预测,即在防御分配中发生快速演变。
更新日期:2019-11-01
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