The evolution of cooperation through partner choice mechanisms is often thought to involve relatively complex cognitive abilities. Using agent-based simulations I model a simple partner choice rule, the 'Walk Away' rule, where individuals stay in groups that provide higher returns (by virtue of having more cooperators), and 'Walk Away' from groups providing low returns. Implementing this conditional movement rule in a public goods game leads to a number of interesting findings: 1) cooperators have a selective advantage when thresholds are high, corresponding to low tolerance for defectors, 2) high thresholds lead to high initial rates of movement and low final rates of movement (after selection), and 3) as cooperation is selected, the population undergoes a spatial transition from high migration (and a many small and ephemeral groups) to low migration (and large and stable groups). These results suggest that the very simple 'Walk Away' rule of leaving uncooperative groups can favor the evolution of cooperation, and that cooperation can evolve in populations in which individuals are able to move in response to local social conditions. A diverse array of organisms are able to leave degraded physical or social environments. The ubiquitous nature of conditional movement suggests that 'Walk Away' dynamics may play an important role in the evolution of social behavior in both cognitively complex and cognitively simple organisms.

中文翻译：

---

合作在移动生物体中可行吗？简单的走开规则有利于团体合作的发展。

通过合作伙伴选择机制的合作演变通常被认为涉及相对复杂的认知能力。使用基于代理的模拟，我模拟了一个简单的合作伙伴选择规则，即“走开”规则，其中个人留在提供更高回报的群体中（由于拥有更多合作者），以及“走开”提供低回报的群体。在公共物品游戏中实施这种有条件的运动规则会导致许多有趣的发现：1）当阈值高时，合作者具有选择优势，对应于对叛逃者的低容忍度，2）高阈值导致高初始运动率和低最终的移动速度（选择后），以及 3）选择合作时，人口经历了从高迁移（和许多小而短暂的群体）到低迁移（和大而稳定的群体）的空间转变。这些结果表明，离开不合作群体的非常简单的“走开”规则可以有利于合作的演变，并且合作可以在个体能够响应当地社会条件而移动的人群中发展。各种各样的生物体能够离开退化的物理或社会环境。条件运动无处不在的性质表明，“走开”动力学可能在认知复杂和认知简单的生物体的社会行为进化中发挥重要作用。离开不合作群体的规则有利于合作的发展，合作可以在人群中发展，其中个人能够根据当地社会条件而移动。各种各样的生物体能够离开退化的物理或社会环境。条件运动无处不在的性质表明，“走开”动力学可能在认知复杂和认知简单的生物体的社会行为进化中发挥重要作用。离开不合作群体的规则有利于合作的发展，合作可以在人群中发展，其中个人能够根据当地社会条件而移动。各种各样的生物体能够离开退化的物理或社会环境。条件运动无处不在的性质表明，“走开”动力学可能在认知复杂和认知简单的生物体的社会行为进化中发挥重要作用。