The development of children's emotion-related self-regulation appears to be related to, and likely involved in, many aspects of children's development. In this review, the distinction between effortful self-regulatory processes and those that are somewhat less voluntary is discussed, and literature on the former capacities is reviewed. Emotion-related self-regulation develops rapidly in the early years of life and improves more slowly into adulthood. Individual differences in children's self-regulation are fairly stable after the first year or two of life. Such individual differences are inversely related to at least some types of externalizing problems. Findings for internalizing problems are less consistent and robust, although emotion-related self-regulation appears to be inversely related to internalizing problems after the early years. Self-regulatory capacities have been related to both genetic and environmental factors and their interaction. Some interventions designed to foster self-regulation and, hence, reduce maladjustment, have proved to be at least partially effective.

中文翻译：

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情绪相关的自我调节及其与儿童适应不良的关系。

儿童与情绪相关的自我调节的发展似乎与儿童发展的许多方面有关，并且很可能涉及这些方面。在这篇综述中，讨论了努力的自我调节过程和那些不太自愿的过程之间的区别，并回顾了关于前一种能力的文献。与情绪相关的自我调节在生命的早期发展迅速，并在成年后缓慢改善。儿童自我调节的个体差异在出生后的第一年或第二年相当稳定。这种个体差异与至少某些类型的外化问题成反比。内化问题的发现不太一致和稳健，尽管与情绪相关的自我调节似乎与早年之后的内化问题呈负相关。自我调节能力与遗传和环境因素及其相互作用有关。一些旨在促进自我调节从而减少适应不良的干预措施已被证明至少部分有效。