Retrotransposons mobilize via RNA intermediates and usually carry with them the agent of their mobility, reverse transcriptase. Retrotransposons are streamlined, and therefore rely on host factors to proliferate. However, retrotransposons are exposed to cellular forces that block their paths. For this review, we have selected for our focus elements from among target-primed (TP) retrotransposons, also called non-LTR retrotransposons, and extrachromosomally-primed (EP) retrotransposons, also called LTR retrotransposons. The TP retrotransposons considered here are group II introns, LINEs and SINEs, whereas the EP elements considered are the Ty and Tf retrotransposons, with a brief comparison to retroviruses. Recurring themes for these elements, in hosts ranging from bacteria to humans, are tie-ins of the retrotransposons to RNA metabolism, DNA replication and repair, and cellular stress. Likewise, there are parallels among host-cell defenses to combat rampant retrotransposon spread. The interactions between the retrotransposon and the host, and their coevolution to balance the tension between retrotransposon proliferation and host survival, form the basis of this review.

中文翻译：

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逆转录转座因子与其宿主之间的取舍。

逆转录转座子通过 RNA 中间体进行移动，并且通常携带着它们的移动因子，即逆转录酶。逆转录转座子经过精简，因此依赖宿主因素进行增殖。然而，逆转录转座子会受到阻碍其路径的细胞力量的影响。在这篇综述中，我们从目标引发 (TP) 逆转录转座子（也称为非 LTR 逆转录转座子）和染色体外引发 (EP) 逆转录转座子（也称为 LTR 逆转录转座子）中选择了我们的重点元素。此处考虑的 TP 反转录转座子是组 II 内含子、LINE 和 SINE，而考虑的 EP 元件是 Ty 和 Tf 反转录转座子，并与逆转录病毒进行了简要比较。在从细菌到人类的宿主中，这些元素的反复出现的主题是逆转录转座子与 RNA 代谢的联系，DNA 复制和修复，以及细胞压力。同样，在对抗逆转录转座子猖獗传播的宿主细胞防御之间也存在相似之处。逆转录转座子和宿主之间的相互作用，以及它们共同进化以平衡逆转录转座子增殖和宿主存活之间的紧张关系，构成了本综述的基础。