The biological picture of cancer is rapidly advancing from models built from phenomenological descriptions to network models derived from systems biology, which can capture the evolving pathophysiology of the disease at the molecular level. The translation of this (still academic) picture into a clinically relevant framework can be enabling for the war on cancer, but it is a scientific and technological challenge. In this review, we discuss emerging in vitro diagnostic technologies and therapeutic approaches that are being developed to handle this challenge. Our discussion of in vitro diagnostics is guided by the theme of making large numbers of measurements accurately, sensitively, and at very low cost. We discuss diagnostic approaches based on microfluidics and nanotechnology. We then review the current state of the art of nanoparticle-based therapeutics that have reached the clinic. The goal of the presentation is to identify nanotherapeutic strategies that are designed to increase efficacy while simultaneously minimizing the toxic side effects commonly associated with cancer chemotherapies.

中文翻译：

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纳米技术与癌症。

癌症的生物学图像正在从基于现象学描述建立的模型迅速发展为源自系统生物学的网络模型，它可以在分子水平上捕捉疾病不断发展的病理生理学。将这幅（仍然是学术性的）图片转化为临床相关的框架可以推动抗癌战争，但这是一项科学和技术挑战。在这篇综述中，我们讨论了正在开发以应对这一挑战的新兴体外诊断技术和治疗方法。我们对体外诊断的讨论以准确、灵敏且成本极低的大量测量为主题。我们讨论基于微流体和纳米技术的诊断方法。然后，我们回顾了已进入临床的基于纳米粒子的疗法的当前状态。演讲的目的是确定旨在提高疗效，同时最大限度地减少通常与癌症化学疗法相关的毒副作用的纳米治疗策略。