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Genetic signatures of plant resistance genes with known function within and between species
Genetica ( IF 1.5 ) Pub Date : 2018-10-12 , DOI: 10.1007/s10709-018-0044-9
Dan Wang 1 , Yan Sha 1 , Junfeng Hu 1 , Ting Yang 1 , Xue Piao 1 , Xiaohui Zhang 2
Affiliation  

Plant disease resistance (R) genes have undergone significant evolutionary divergence to cope with rapid changes in pathogens. These highly variable evolutionary patterns may have contributed to diversity in R gene protein families or structures. Here, the evolutionary patterns of 76 identified R genes and their homologs were investigated within and between plant species. Results demonstrated that nucleotide binding sites and leucine-rich-repeat genes located in loci with complex evolutionary histories tended to evolve rapidly, have high variation in copy numbers, exhibit high levels of nucleotide variation and frequent gene conversion events, and also exhibit high non-synonymous to synonymous substitution ratios in LRR regions. However, non-NBS-LRR R genes are relatively well conserved with constrained variation and are more likely to participate in the basic defense system of hosts. In addition, both conserved and highly divergent evolutionary patterns were observed for the same R genes and were consistent with inter- and intra-specific distributions of some R genes. These results thus indicate either continuous or altered evolutionary patterns between and within species. The present investigation is the first attempt to investigate evolutionary patterns among all clearly functional R genes. The results reported here thus provide a foundation for future plant disease studies.

中文翻译:

物种内和物种间已知功能的植物抗性基因的遗传特征

植物抗病 (R) 基因经历了显着的进化分歧,以应对病原体的快速变化。这些高度可变的进化模式可能促成了 R 基因蛋白质家族或结构的多样性。在这里,研究了植物物种内和植物物种之间的 76 个已鉴定 R 基因及其同源物的进化模式。结果表明,位于具有复杂进化历史的基因座中的核苷酸结合位点和富含亮氨酸的重复基因往往进化迅速,拷贝数变异大,核苷酸变异水平高,基因转换事件频繁,还表现出高非与 LRR 区域中的同义替换率同义。然而,non-NBS-LRR R 基因相对保守,变异受限,更有可能参与宿主的基本防御系统。此外,对于相同的 R 基因,观察到了保守和高度不同的进化模式,并且与某些 R 基因的种间和种内分布一致。因此,这些结果表明物种之间和物种内部的连续或改变的进化模式。本研究是第一次尝试研究所有功能明确的 R 基因之间的进化模式。因此,这里报告的结果为未来的植物病害研究奠定了基础。对于相同的 R 基因,观察到了保守和高度不同的进化模式,并且与某些 R 基因的种间和种内分布一致。因此,这些结果表明物种之间和物种内部的连续或改变的进化模式。本研究是第一次尝试研究所有功能明确的 R 基因之间的进化模式。因此,这里报告的结果为未来的植物病害研究奠定了基础。对于相同的 R 基因,观察到了保守和高度不同的进化模式,并且与某些 R 基因的种间和种内分布一致。因此,这些结果表明物种之间和物种内部的连续或改变的进化模式。本研究是第一次尝试研究所有功能明确的 R 基因之间的进化模式。因此,这里报告的结果为未来的植物病害研究奠定了基础。
更新日期:2018-10-12
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