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Does environmental stress affect insect-vectored parasite transmission?
Physiological Entomology ( IF 1.5 ) Pub Date : 2004-08-01 , DOI: 10.1111/j.0307-6962.2004.00410.x
J G Vontas 1 , L McCarroll , S H P P Karunaratne , C Louis , H Hurd , J Hemingway
Affiliation  

In some insects, the cost of parasitic infection can be sufficient to elicit natural selection against competent hosts (Yan et al., 1997). This tendency may be compensated for by increased parasite susceptibility being linked to environmental stress. Obvious examples of variable environmental stress include insecticide selection from disease control operations and seasonal stress through heat and dehydration in some insect species. Vectorial capacity (i.e. the ability of mosquitoes to ingest parasites and to promote their maturation until the infective stage) and the rate of insect survival until parasite maturation (Failloux et al., 1995), can differ geographically according to insect strain (Crans, 1973; McGreevy et al., 1982). The sandfly, Phlebotomus papatasi, transmits cutaneous leishmaniasis in desert and savannah regions of the Old World, where seasonal stress and dehydration reduces the quantity of sugar in plant leaves that is available for insect feeding. Selection for hunger tolerance has produced a population of P. papatasi that has sufficient longevity from feeding on the sugar depleted leaves to deposit their eggs and transmit Leishmania (Schlein & Jacobson, 2000). This inherited trait may alter the insects' physiology and disrupt the interaction between insect and parasite, altering the insects' susceptibility to infection. A similar effect of selection for hunger tolerance on susceptibility to Leishmania major infection occurs in Jordanian P. papatasi (Schlein & Jacobson, 2001).

中文翻译:

环境压力会影响以昆虫为媒介的寄生虫传播吗?

在某些昆虫中,寄生虫感染的成本足以引发针对有能力宿主的自然选择(Yan 等,1997)。这种趋势可以通过与环境压力相关的寄生虫易感性增加来补偿。可变环境压力的明显例子包括疾病控制操作中的杀虫剂选择以及某些昆虫物种通过高温和脱水产生的季节性压力。媒介能力(即蚊子摄取寄生虫并促进其成熟直至感染阶段的能力)和昆虫在寄生虫成熟前的存活率(Failloux 等人,1995 年),在地理上可能因昆虫品系而异(Crans,1973 年) ; McGreevy 等人,1982 年)。白蛉,Phlebotomus papatasi,在旧世界的沙漠和大草原地区传播皮肤利什曼病,季节性压力和脱水会减少植物叶片中可供昆虫进食的糖分含量。对饥饿耐受性的选择产生了 P. papatasi 种群,它们以耗尽糖分的叶子为食,产卵并传播利什曼原虫(Schlein & Jacobson, 2000),具有足够的寿命。这种遗传性状可能会改变昆虫的生理机能并破坏昆虫与寄生虫之间的相互作用,从而改变昆虫对感染的易感性。饥饿耐受选择对利什曼原虫主要感染易感性的类似影响发生在约旦 P. papatasi 中(Schlein & Jacobson,2001)。papatasi 具有足够的寿命,它们以耗尽糖分的叶子为食,产卵并传播利什曼原虫(Schlein 和 Jacobson,2000 年)。这种遗传性状可能会改变昆虫的生理机能并破坏昆虫与寄生虫之间的相互作用,从而改变昆虫对感染的易感性。对饥饿耐受性的选择对主要利什曼原虫感染的易感性的类似影响发生在约旦 P. papatasi (Schlein & Jacobson, 2001)。papatasi 具有足够的寿命,它们以耗尽糖分的叶子为食,产卵并传播利什曼原虫(Schlein & Jacobson,2000)。这种遗传性状可能会改变昆虫的生理机能并破坏昆虫与寄生虫之间的相互作用,从而改变昆虫对感染的易感性。饥饿耐受性选择对主要利什曼原虫感染的易感性的类似影响发生在约旦 P. papatasi (Schlein & Jacobson, 2001)。
更新日期:2004-08-01
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