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Mechanical regulation of nuclear structure and function.
Annual Review of Biomedical Engineering ( IF 9.7 ) Pub Date : 2012-05-22 , DOI: 10.1146/annurev-bioeng-071910-124638 Rui P Martins 1 , John D Finan , Farshid Guilak , David A Lee
Annual Review of Biomedical Engineering ( IF 9.7 ) Pub Date : 2012-05-22 , DOI: 10.1146/annurev-bioeng-071910-124638 Rui P Martins 1 , John D Finan , Farshid Guilak , David A Lee
Affiliation
Mechanical loading induces both nuclear distortion and alterations in gene expression in a variety of cell types. Mechanotransduction is the process by which extracellular mechanical forces can activate a number of well-studied cytoplasmic signaling cascades. Inevitably, such signals are transduced to the nucleus and induce transcription factor-mediated changes in gene expression. However, gene expression also can be regulated through alterations in nuclear architecture, providing direct control of genome function. One putative transduction mechanism for this phenomenon involves alterations in nuclear architecture that result from the mechanical perturbation of the cell. This perturbation is associated with direct mechanical strain or osmotic stress, which is transferred to the nucleus. This review describes the current state of knowledge relating the nuclear architecture and the transfer of mechanical forces to the nucleus mediated by the cytoskeleton, the nucleoskeleton, and the LINC (linker of the nucleoskeleton and cytoskeleton) complex. Moreover, remodeling of the nucleus induces alterations in nuclear stiffness, which may be associated with cell differentiation. These phenomena are discussed in relation to the potential influence of nuclear architecture-mediated mechanoregulation of transcription and cell fate.
中文翻译:
核结构和功能的机械调节。
机械负荷在多种细胞类型中诱导核变形和基因表达的改变。机械转导是细胞外机械力可以激活许多经过充分研究的细胞质信号级联反应的过程。不可避免地,这些信号被转导到细胞核并诱导转录因子介导的基因表达变化。然而,基因表达也可以通过核结构的改变来调节,提供对基因组功能的直接控制。这种现象的一种推定转导机制涉及由细胞的机械扰动引起的核结构的改变。这种扰动与传递到细胞核的直接机械应变或渗透应力有关。本综述描述了与核结构相关的知识现状,以及由细胞骨架、核骨架和 LINC(核骨架和细胞骨架的连接器)复合体介导的机械力向细胞核的转移。此外,细胞核的重塑会引起细胞核硬度的改变,这可能与细胞分化有关。这些现象与核结构介导的转录和细胞命运的机械调节的潜在影响有关。这可能与细胞分化有关。这些现象与核结构介导的转录和细胞命运的机械调节的潜在影响有关。这可能与细胞分化有关。这些现象与核结构介导的转录和细胞命运的机械调节的潜在影响有关。
更新日期:2012-07-18
中文翻译:
核结构和功能的机械调节。
机械负荷在多种细胞类型中诱导核变形和基因表达的改变。机械转导是细胞外机械力可以激活许多经过充分研究的细胞质信号级联反应的过程。不可避免地,这些信号被转导到细胞核并诱导转录因子介导的基因表达变化。然而,基因表达也可以通过核结构的改变来调节,提供对基因组功能的直接控制。这种现象的一种推定转导机制涉及由细胞的机械扰动引起的核结构的改变。这种扰动与传递到细胞核的直接机械应变或渗透应力有关。本综述描述了与核结构相关的知识现状,以及由细胞骨架、核骨架和 LINC(核骨架和细胞骨架的连接器)复合体介导的机械力向细胞核的转移。此外,细胞核的重塑会引起细胞核硬度的改变,这可能与细胞分化有关。这些现象与核结构介导的转录和细胞命运的机械调节的潜在影响有关。这可能与细胞分化有关。这些现象与核结构介导的转录和细胞命运的机械调节的潜在影响有关。这可能与细胞分化有关。这些现象与核结构介导的转录和细胞命运的机械调节的潜在影响有关。